| 释义 |
venomous, a.|ˈvɛnəməs|
Forms: α. 4–5 venymus, -ouse, 4–6 -ous, 5 -ows, venymm(o)us (vemynousse); 4 uenimous, venimouse, 4, 6 -us, 5–7 -ous; 4–6 venemouse, 4–8 -ous, 5 Sc. -us, 5–6 Sc. vennemous; 5 venamous, Sc. -us, -use, 7 Sc. ven'mowse. β. 5– venomous, 5 Sc. wenomose, 6 Sc. wennomus, vennomous, 6 venumous, venoumous.
[a. AF. venimus, venimous, = OF. (also mod.F.) venimeux, f. venim venom n., after L. venēnōsus: see venenous a.]
†1. fig. Morally or spiritually hurtful or injurious; pernicious. Obs.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 120/484 Þat word me þinchez venimous to þe pays of þe londe. a1340Hampole Psalter cxlix. 2 To forsake þe venymous delitis of þis warld. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 20 Venemouse lustis and likingis of deedly synnes. c1480Henryson Fables, Cock & Fox 606 (Harl. MS.), Thir twa sinnis, flatterie and vane gloir, Ar vennomous. c1490Caxton Rule St. Benet (E.E.T.S.) 129 Yf ony be founde gylty in this venemouse offence of properte. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 55 The religyous seruaunt of god..destroyeth by holy meditacyon y⊇ flyes & spyders of venymous thoughtes. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 414, I will at large proue that there is nothing in loue more venemous then meeting. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. 707 Saint German, who happily confuted that venemous Pelagian Heresie.
2. Containing, consisting or full of, infected with, venom; possessing poisonous properties or qualities; destructive of, harmful or injurious to, life on this account.
Common from c 1470 to c 1650; now rare.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16594 By passagers wel herde he seye Þe venimouse eyr was al a-weye. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 6751 Another manere of drynk þat es ille, Þat sal be bitter and venemus. c1366Chaucer A.B.C. 149 With thornes venymous, O heuene queen,..I am wounded. 1474Caxton Chesse iii. v. (1883) 126 That they put in theyr medicynes no thynge venemous. 1490― Eneydos xxiv. 88 Herbes..wherof the Iuse is passyng venymouse. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 45 Of the venemous apples wherwith the Canibales inueneme theyr arrowes. 1584Cogan Haven Health ccxliii. (1636) 297 Not that the ayre is venomous of it selfe, but through corruption hath now gotten such a quality. c1614Sir W. Mure Dido & æneas iii. 108 Collecting als..The milkie poyson of each ven'mowse weed. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxix. 173 The fleshy parts being..by venomous matter obstructed. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 132 The cultivating of a Garden of venimous Plants. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam x. xxxviii, On the heap Pour venomous gums. a1839Praed Red Fisherman Poems 1864 I. 197 The trees and herbs that round it grew Were venomous and foul.
†b. Of a wound, etc.: Marked or characterized by the presence of poisonous matter; foul with venom; envenomed. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. lvii, Aȝens þe venemos posteme þat hatte antrax & aȝens oþer venemous postemes. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Form. U j, It shulde be an oyntment profitable to all sores that be venymous. c1550H. Lloyd Treasury Health T v, Leuen of whete breketh the venemouse humors and apostumes. 1656J. Smith Pract. Physic 363 A wound made by bullets is not venemous, nor alwaies bruised. 1702Echard Eccl. Hist. i. i. 36 His Distemper daily encreas'd,..and he himself labour'd under..venomous Swellings in his Feet,..accompany'd with intolerable Smells. 1707Watts Hymns ii. cliii. Poet. Wks. IV. 148 Sin like a venomous disease Infects our vital blood. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VII. ix. 196 When the serpent is irritated to give a venomous wound.
fig.1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lii. (1611) 292 A soueraigne preseruatiue..from the venemous infection of heresie.
c. Of a bite or sting.
1567Gude & Godlie Ball. (S.T.S.) 81 He ouerthrew The Serpent, and his vennemous stang. 1653Walton Angler 146 The biting of a Pike is venemous and hard to be cured. 1753J. Bartlet Gentl. Farriery 322 Of Venomous Bites from Vipers and Mad Dogs. 1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 48 Be careful how you take a pike out of the water, for his bite is venomous.
†d. Harmful or injurious to something. Obs.
1607Shakes. Cor. iv. i. 23 Thy teares are salter then a yonger mans, And venomous to thine eyes. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 17 A Cancarous and Corroding substance, and venomous to Iron.
3. Of animals, esp. snakes, or their parts: Secreting venom; having the power or property of communicating venom by means of bites or stings; inflicting or capable of inflicting poisonous wounds in this way.
Formerly in general literary use, now chiefly restricted to certain species of poisonous snakes.
αc1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxi. (Eugenia) 396 Na serpent has a hed sa fel, sa venamuse, na sa cruel, as þe hed of þe colubre is. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 51 Yuel doers, corrupte ayre, wylde bestes and venemous woneþ þerynne. c1400Mandeville (1839) 199 Thanne have thei no drede of no Cocodrilles, ne of non other venymous Vermyn. c1450J. Metham Wks. (E.E.T.S.) 46 For off summe off thise serpentys, the eyn so venymmus be That with her loke thei slee yche erthly creature. 1480Caxton Myrr. ii. xiv. 97 Irland is a grett Ilonde in whiche is no serpent ne venemous beeste. 1522More De quat. Noviss. Wks. 85/1 Like as the venemous spider bringeth forth her cobweb. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. vi. 9 That beastes teeth, which..Are so exceeding venemous and keene. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. ii. i. 13 Aduersitie Which like the toad, ougly and venemous, Weares yet a precious Iewell in his head. 1653W. Ramesey Astrol. Restored 229 Those places subject thereunto shall be afflicted with water, and venemous Creatures. 1748Anson's Voy. iii. ii. 314 We found..scorpions, which we supposed were venemous. 1791–3in Spirit Public Jrnls. (1799) I. 225 To sleep in a dungeon with venemous reptiles.
βc1515Henryson's Orpheus & Eurydice (Asloan MS.) 105 As scho ran, all bairfut, in ane bus Scho trampit on a serpent wennomus. 1595Locrine i. i. 76 Triple Cerberus with his venomous throte. 1651Wittie tr. Primrose's Pop. Err. iv. xxxviii. 271 If poyson, or some venomous creature be neare unto it, it sweats. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. xxii. 442 It..cures the bitings of venomous beasts. 1713Derham Phys.-Theol. ii. vi. 56 Many..of our European venomous animals carry their Cure..in their own Bodies. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VII. ix. 194 If it [sc. the serpent] has the fang teeth, it is to be placed among the venomous class. 1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. King. 182 Serpents are divided into venomous and non-venomous; and the former are sub-divided into such as are venomous with several maxillary teeth, and those which are venomous with insulated fangs. 1876M. E. Braddon J. Haggard's Dau. III. 23 The serpent had lifted his venomous crest from among the flowers. c1880Cassell's Nat. Hist. IV. 301 The poisonous Snakes are divided into two groups—the Viperiform Snakes and the Venomous Colubrines.
b. fig., chiefly with allusion to the Devil.
1340Ayenb. 171 Þe uenimouse eddre of helle. c1450Mankind 40 in Macro Plays 2 Yt hath dyssoluyde mankynde from þe bittur bonde Of þe mortall enmye, þat vemynousse serpente. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. IV, 25 The Earle of Northumberland..bare still a venemous scorpion in his cankered heart. Ibid., Hen. VI, 169 That venemous worme, that dreadfull dragon, called disdain of superioritie. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) II. 239 The Devill,..that wicked and venimus serpent quho gois about to sie quhome he may catch.
4. fig. Having the virulence of venom; rancorous, spiteful, malignant, virulent; embittered, envenomed.
a1340Hampole Psalter x. 2 Þai haf redy in þaire hertis venymouse wordis and sharpe. Ibid. xxviii. 8 Þaim..þat..puttis away venomus tongis. 1340Ayenb. 27 Þe venimouse herte of þe enuiouse zeneȝeþ generalliche. c1400Rom. Rose 5528 With tonge woundyng, as feloun, Thurgh venemous detraccioun. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 56 It is not good to..take sodeyne acqueintaunce that hathe the herte of faire speche, for sum tyme her speche is deseyuable and venomous. c1489Caxton Blanchardyn li. 196 The venymouse malyce of the false traytoure Subyon. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 52 To speake venemous woordes..ageynst the annoynted of god. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. iii. 13 The Venemous Mallice of my swelling heart. 1648Hexham ii, Feenijnighlick, venommously, spightfully, or [with] a venomous envy. a1721Prior Session of Poets 36 That with very much Wit he no anger exprest Nor sharpen'd his Verse with a Venemous Jest. 1737Gentl. Mag. VII. 623/2 One R. C...sent me venemous Libels against the Great Man. 1857Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. II. 18 A venomous opposition was festering against him. 1879Froude Cæsar xii. 153 The most innocent intimacies would not have escaped misrepresentation from the venomous tongues of Roman society. 1885Manch. Exam. 20 May 4/7 A venomous and scurrilous attack.
b. Of persons, their character, etc.
a1400Morte Arth. 299 Of this grett velany I salle be vengede ones On ȝone venemus mene, wyth valiant knyghtes! 1567Satir. Poems Reform. iv. 109 O wickit wemen, vennomus of nature! 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 901/2 What shall men say, when a mortall man dareth thus to become venemous against God. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. ii. 71 [Of these] christian children Mahometised, the venemous nature is so great, mischieuous and pernitious. 1607Hieron Wks. I. 225 [Satan is] a venimous aduersary to empoyson our soule. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. ii. §10 There are in the most depraved and venemous dispositions, certaine pieces that remaine untoucht. 1882J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. II. 244 His most bitter enemy, the venomous and unscrupulous Foxe. 1911Blackw. Mag. Aug. 221 The doctor seemed to me a venomous little creature.
†5. Treated with venom or poison; envenomed, poisoned. Obs.
a1400Morte Arth. 2570 With the venymous swerde a vayne has he towchede. c1400Pilgr. Sowle i. i. (1859) 1 Thenne comme cruel dethe and smote me with his venemous darte. a1470Harding Chron. ii. cxxxix, Kyng Rychard..Was hurt right ther, with dartes venemous. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 107 These people also, vse bowes and venemous arrowes. 1578Lyte Dodoens 305 It is good against..venimous shot of dartes and arrowes. 1631Gouge God's Arrows Ded. p. ix, How farre the venime thereof (for it is a venimous arrow) may infect, who knowes?
6. Of or pertaining to, of the nature of, venom.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. clviii. 3135 Þai thoucht to gere Him with sum venamus poisoun Be distroyit. 1604Jas. I Counterbl. to Tobacco (Arb.) 103 Tobacco..hath a certaine venemous facultie ioyned with the heate thereof. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 159 There being a venemous quality in the paint. 1675J. Owen Indwelling Sin vi. (1732) 50 It is in the Heart like Poison, that hath nothing to allay its venemous Qualities, and so infects whatever it touches. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VII. ix. 195 The glands that serve to fabricate this venomous fluid. 1826Miss Mitford Village Ser. ii. (1863) 417 It has a fine venomous smell,..and will certainly when stilled be good for something or other. 1887A. M. Brown Anim. Alkaloids 2 Gaspard and Stick..had detected a venomous principle in cadaverous extracts.
fig.1572Perry in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) III. 363 The God of Truth defend you..from the venomous Poyson of Lyars. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. II. 41 Lyk a traytour he steilis in, that..he may saw his venumous poyson. 1866C. J. Vaughan Plain Words i. 10 The personal sins of each one of us..eating like a venomous poison into his soul.
7. Comb. in venomous-hearted, venomous-looking adjs.
1740Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xv. 256 Several innocent creatures, might have been entangled..in the ensnaring web of this venomous-hearted spider. 1899F. T. Bullen Way Navy 65 We sighted the enemy in the shape of one of those venomous-looking four-funnelled destroyers. |