| 释义 |
ventilator|ˈvɛntɪleɪtə(r)|
[f. ventilate v. + -or, or a. L. ventilātor a winnower. Cf. F. ventilateur, It. ventilatore, Sp. and Pg. -ador.]
1. a. A mechanical contrivance or apparatus (such as a revolving fan or wheel fixed in a special opening) by which the vitiated or heated air is drawn or removed from a building, ship, mine, etc., and a fresh supply introduced; also freq. a simple opening, or open shaft, so placed or contrived as to facilitate renewal of the air.
1743S. Hales (title), A Description of Ventilators; whereby Great Quantities of Fresh Air may with Ease be conveyed into Mines, Goals, Hospitals, Work-Houses and Ships. 1753Scots Mag. Feb. 99/1 Ventilators, worked by a wind⁓mill, having been fixed. 1766Complete Farmer 7 S 3/1 Two of the ventilators are constantly drawing in the air, and two of them..are blowing it out at their proper valves. 1802M. Cutler in Life, etc. (1888) II. 79 Giving opportunity to workmen to fix some ventilators, which were greatly wanted in the Hall. 1836–41Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 143 The different ventilators may terminate in tubes connected with a chimney. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 216 The ventilators should always be above the heads of the congregation. 1889Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. xii. 132 It is down these ventilators that air is drawn by the steam fans F to supply the boilers.
attrib.1824Tredgold Princ. Ventilating Buildings (ed. 2) 94 At this centre the ventilator tube T should be placed. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 924–5 Ventilator deflector, hood, shaft.
b. The former Ladies' Gallery in the House of Commons.
1822M. Edgeworth Let. 9 Mar. (1971) 369 We went one night to the House of Commons—to the Ventilator. 1832Macaulay in Trevelyan Life (1876) I. 269 A discussion by which Nancy, if she had been in the ventilator, might have been greatly edified. 1850Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. vi. 20 A modern honourable member, with..his strangers' gallery, his female ventilator. 1880Disraeli Endym. lxxix, Lady Roehampton and Lady Montfort were both in the ventilator, and he knew it.
c. Naut. A wind-sail (see quots.).
1846A. Young Naut. Dict. 368 Wind-sail, or Ventilator, a sort of long canvass bag..let down a vessel's hatchway for circulating air below. 1851Kipping Sailmaking (ed. 2) 59 The..ventilator is made of canvas No. 5. It is employed to convey a stream of fresh air downwards into the lower apartments of a ship.
d. Applied to devices for admitting air into a head-dress, boot, etc.
1870C. C. Black tr. Demmin's Weapons of War 255 Large tilting heaume of the fifteenth century... It has a hinged flap or ventilator. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2706 The ventilator for hats consists of a hole in the crown, and a head-band supported at a certain distance from the sweat-lining. Ibid., The ventilator for boots consists of a double upper with holes.
e. Med. = respirator 3.
1961I. W. B. Grant in D. Dunlop et al. Textbk. Med. Treatment (ed. 8) 945 The patient retains fairly powerful respiratory movements and may have difficulty in synchronizing with any ventilator which is not triggered by his own inspiratory efforts. 1976Lancet 13 Nov. 1069/1 It has become commonplace for hospitals to have deeply comatose and unresponsive patients with severe brain damage who are maintained on artificial respiration by means of mechanical ventilators. 1982Times 10 June 7/2 Mr Argov was taken off his ventilator for two hours yesterday, although he remained unconscious.
2. One charged with ventilating a building, etc. Also transf.
17..in Tomlinson's Cycl. Arts, etc. (1866) II. 833/1 [This wheel was] able to suck out the foul air, or throw in fresh,.. according as the Speaker is pleased to command it, whose order the ventilator waits to receive every day of the session. 1817Kirby & Sp. Entomol. II. 195 A certain number of workers..vibrating their wings before the entrance of their hive... The station of these ventilators is upon the floor of the hive. 1860tr. Hartwig's Sea & Wond. v. 55 The sun is not only the great fountain of warmth, he is also the universal ventilator.
3. One who ventilates a subject.
1891in Cent. Dict. |