| 释义 |
▪ I. verdict, n.|ˈvɜːdɪkt|
Forms: α. 3–7, 9 dial., verdit, 4–7 -dite, 6–7 -ditt, 3–6 verdyt, -dyte, 5 -dytt, -dyth(e; 4 veirdit, 5 veredit, -dyte; 4–5 voirdit. β. 5 wardytte, 6 varditt, -dytt, 6, 9 dial., vardit, 9 dial. vardite. Also vardy. γ. 5 verdoit, 6 verduytt, 7 verduit, -duict. δ. 6–7 veredict, 6– verdict, 6 -dicte.
[a. AF. verdit (= OF. voirdit), f. ver, veir true + dit, pa. pple. of dire to say, speak. Hence med.L. verdictum (veredictum), to which the mod. spelling and pronunciation are due. The mod.F. verdict, Pg. verdict, Sp. verdicto, are from Eng.]
1. Law.
a. The decision of a jury in a civil or criminal cause upon an issue which has been submitted to their judgement.
α1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2980 He stod vp & sede þe verdit vor al oþere þat þere were. a1325MS. Rawl. B. 520 fol. 60 b, Ȝif..þe Juree segge in his veirdit þat te askare is bastard. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 2952 Until þai have gyven þair verdite, And outher þar-of made hym qwyte Als þe laghe walde, or made hym gilty. c1440Promp. Parv. 508/2 Verdyte, veridicum. 1472Paston Lett. III. 40, I took syche a wey with hym that the qwest gave no verdyt. 1544tr. Littleton's Tenures (1574) 78 The verdyte of twelve men taken at large in Assise of disseysine. 1559Mirr. Mag. (1563) K v, I gyltles was condempned: Such verdits passe where iustyce is contemned. 1591Queen Elizabeth in Lismore Papers Ser. ii. (1887) I. 3 To order the landes to our pattentes as shalbe found due, vpon the saide Verdyte. 1614–5Boys Exp. Fest. Epist. & Gosp. Wks. (1630) 750 When any suite concerning the Clergie shall be tried by your verdite. 1621Quarles Hadassa Wks. (Grosart) II. 44/2 At last..they put their choyce Vpon the verdit of a Iurie's voyce.
β, γ1479Presentm. Juries in Surtees Misc. (1890) 28 Thys is the wardytte of xxij men & the constabylls. 1531Star Chamb. Cases (Selden) II. 193 To wryte any such presentment or vardytt. Ibid. 196 The same homage deed pleynly shewe..the same to be their trewe verduytt.
δ1533More Debell. Salem Wks. 996/1 Whose verdicte the iudge taketh for a sure sentence..without ani examinacion of the circumstances, wherby they know..their verdicte to be true. 1559J. Aylmer Harborowe L j b, Our lawe committeth it to the veredict of .12. men. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, v. i. 131 Not euer The Iustice and the Truth o' th' question carries The dew o' th' Verdict with it. 1657in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 121 A house and lande, which hee had recovered by law, and by a second verdict lost the same again. 1674Wood Life (O.H.S.) II. 281 The jury were about to pass their verdict. 1726Life Penn P.'s Wks. I. 15 The Agreement of Twelve Men is a Verdict in Law. 1781Cowper Truth 448 The jury meet, the coroner is short, And lunacy the verdict of the court. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 519 On the trial the Judge directed the jury to find a verdict for the plaintiff. 1885Public Opinion 9 Jan. 36/2 An advocate who wins an unjust verdict has contributed to bring about a miscarriage of justice.
Comb.1892Daily News 10 May 2 Though Mr. Bramwell had a good practice, he was never a great verdict-getter.
b. Without article.
1437Rolls of Parlt. IV. 509/2 Founde gilty be verdite of xii notable men. a1500in Archaeol. (1904) LIX. 10 By the comyn lawe..ther lith non atteynt upon untrewe verdit gyffyn in London. 1535Wriothesley Chron. (Camden) I. 27 A jurie..incontinent gave verditt of them beinge guiltie of the same treason. 1577Harrison England ii. ix. (1877) i. 202 Our trials and recoueries are either by verdict and demourre, confession or default. 1589? Lyly Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 25 The Iurie gaue verdit and said guiltie. 1712Prideaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 22 In case any should..obtain Verdict on their side. 1797Tomlins Jacob's Law Dict. s.v., Another rule at Common law is, that surplusage will not vitiate after Verdict.
c. With particularizing addition; esp. as open verdict, a verdict of a coroner's jury affirming the commission of a crime (but not specifying the criminal), or the occurrence of a suspicious but unexplained death.
1607Cowell Interpr. s.v., This verdict is two-fold: either generall or especiall... A general verdict is that, which is giuen or brought into the Court, in like generall termes to the generall issue. Ibid., This speciall verdict, if it containe any ample declaration of the cause, from the beginning to the end, is also called a verdict at large. 1628Coke On Litt. i. 226 b, There be two kindes of verdicts; viz. one generall, and another at large or especiall. Ibid., It is therefore called a speciall Verdict or a Verdict at large, because they finde the speciall matter at large, and leaue the iudgement of law thereupon to the Court. 1628[see privy a. 8]. 1665[see special a. 7]. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 377 The only effectual and legal verdict is the public verdict; in which they openly declare to have found the issue for the plaintiff, or for the defendant. 1769Ibid. IV. 354 The jury..cannot, in a criminal case, give a privy verdict. But an open verdict may be either general, guilty, or not guilty. 1835Tomlins Law Dict. s.v., Where a verdict is given by thirteen jurors, it is said to be a void verdict; because no attaint would lie. 1864Dickens Mut. Fr. (1865) I. i. iii. 18 In quest to-morrow, and no doubt open verdict. 1854,1884[see perverse a. 1 c]. 1894[see sealed ppl. a. 2]. 1977‘M. Innes’ Honeybath's Haven xiii. 123 His jury..will bring in what is called an open verdict.
2. transf. and fig. A judgement given by some body or authority acting as, or likened to, a jury.
c1381Chaucer Parl. Foules 525, I iuge on euery folk men shul on calle To seyn the verdit for yow foulys alle. 1579W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Love 63 b, The euidence..whereby..that verdict should be gathered, which shall passe agaynst vs. 1589Warner Alb. Eng. Prose Add. (1612) 338 The Iurour could not but giue Verdict for Elisa, and the Iudge sentence against æneas. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. ii. §8 They are here presently to abide the verdite of battaile. 1671Milton Samson 324 Though Reason here aver That moral verdit quits her of unclean. 1684T. Burnet Th. Earth i. 295 Ought we not in this, as well as in other things, to..bring in an honest verdict for nature as well as art? 1860Hawthorne Marb. Faun (Tauchn.) II. xvi. 177 Might we not render some such verdict as this?—‘Worthy of Death but not unworthy of Love’. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) I. vi. 501 The great Earl is at least entitled to a verdict of Not Proven, if not of Not Guilty.
3. transf. A decision or opinion pronounced or expressed upon some matter or subject; a finding, conclusion, or judgement.
αc1386Chaucer Prol. 787 (Petworth), Vs þouȝt it was not worþe to make to wis..And bad him seie his veredit [v.rr. verdit(e, voirdit, verdoit] as him lest. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 23 Clatering pyes, whan tha come in presence, Most malapert there verdit to purpose. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 73 When the messenger was gone, euery man began to say his verdite. 1585Daniel Paul. Iouius Pref., Neither must wee depend vpon the verdite of some conceled Philosophers. 1627Bp. Hall Epist. ii. v. 302 There is none of all my labours..whereof I would so willingly heare the verdit of the wise and iudicious. 1671Milton Samson 1228 Cam'st thou for this, vain boaster, to survey me, To descant on my strength, and give thy verdit? 1825Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 80 Verdi, Verdit, opinion. 1873Williams & Jones Somerset Gloss. 40 That's my verdit, therefore I zay't.
β1565Stapleton tr. Staphylus' Apol. 161 b, For they pardie by the vardit of Luther, are all damned, if they thought, as they taught. 1577Misogonus iv. ii. 97 To take thy neighboures varditt in such a case thou must not sticke. 1828Carr Craven Gloss., Vardite, verdict, opinion. 1877Peacock N.W. Linc. Gloss. 265, I think we shall hev snaw; what's your vardit? Ibid., Thoo's alus pokin' in thy vardit.
γ14..Verdoit [see α]. 1642D. Rogers Naaman 197 No one mystery, administration, worke or ordinance of his can passe her fingers, without some verduit or other of her owne. Ibid. 345 The ten spies bringing a verduict of sense to their brethren.
δ1585Greene Planetomachia, Saturnes Trag. Wks. (Grosart) V. 111 Psamnetichus..thought it a longe time to yeelde so small a verdict. 1632Lithgow Trav. i. 43, I end with this verdict, the Iew and the Iesuite, is a Pultrone and a Parasite. 1683D. A. Art Converse Pref., It..shall stand or fall by your Verdict. 1791Burke App. Whigs Wks. VI. 76 This representation is authenticated by the verdict of his country. 1819Keats Otho v. v, Those tears will wash away a just resolve, A verdict ten times sworn! 1857W. Collins Dead Secret iii. i, The verdict of humanity is always against any individual member of the species who presumes to differ from the rest. 1882C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xvii. 127 No controversy is supposed to be closed till the Times has given its verdict.
b. Without article.
1537[? Tindale] Exp. St. John 93 Of such he geueth verdyte contynently. Ibid. 100 The Apostle Jhon..gaue such verdyte. 1566Drant Horace, Sat. x. E vj b, In learnyng rype, in vertue juste, in verdite sharpe and sage. 1596Spenser F.Q. vii. vii. 27 Iudge thy selfe, by verdit of thine eye, Whether to me they are not subiect all.
†4. A vote or suffrage. Obs.—1
1580in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 431 Neither the Mayor,..nor any Mayors peare, shall have either at the tyme of ellection or for any other cause but the verdicte of one man.
▪ II. ˈverdict, v. rare.
[f. prec.]
1. trans. To pass judgement upon, to give decision or pronounce an opinion concerning (some person or thing).
1594Queen Elizabeth in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) IV. 349 We princes are set upon highest stage, where looks of all beholders verdict our works. 1634Rainbow Labour (1635) 16 Must a Iury of Trades be busied to verdict him readie?
2. intr. To pronounce a verdict or sentence against something.
1898Literature 12 Nov. 439 Lawful men of the neighbourhood..verdict entirely against their own temporal interest. |