| 释义 |
verjuice, n.|ˈvɜːdʒuːs|
Forms: α. 4–5 verious, 5 veryous, -yose, -ius(e, -iuys, -jusse, -iowce (vere jouse), 6 werius, verioyce, -juce (verdjuice), 6–7 veriuice, -iuce, -iuyce, 7 verjuyce, -juce, -jus, 7– verjuice. β. 4 vergws, 5 wergoys, 6 vergus, -uys; 4 vergieux, 4–6 -eous, 6 -ews, -eus, 5 vergyous, 6 -ious, -yus, -ius (4 verdius, 5 vertious). γ. 5 vergys, 5–7 vergis, 6–7 verges, 6 werges, vergesse, -i(e)sse, 7 verdges; 6 warges, 6–7, 9 dial. varges, 7, 9 dial. vargis.
[a. OF. vertjus, verjus, vergus, etc. (mod.F. verjus), f. vert green, unripe + jus juice.]
1. The acid juice of green or unripe grapes, crab-apples, or other sour fruit, expressed and formed into a liquor; formerly much used in cooking, as a condiment, or for medicinal purposes. Also in comparisons as, as sour (bitter, tart, etc.) as verjuice.
α1302–3Ely Sacr. Rolls (1907) II. 18 Pro j barillo ad verious. 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 619 Viridis succus, veriuys. c1440Promp. Parv. 508/2 Veriowce, sawce, agresta. 1450–80tr. Secreta Secret. 33 Make him drynke of verious and watir. c1460Towneley Myst. xii. 236 A calf lyuer skorde with the veryose; Good sawse. This is a restorete To make a good appete. 1534in Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture (1866) 187 A brake to make verioyce with. 1544T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1560) B iv b, The juce of Purcelane, of Plantaine, and verjuce of grape, or crabbes. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. iii. 71 Crabs after the veriuice is expressed from them. 1626Middleton Women Beware Wom. iii. iii, Having a crabbed face of her own, she'll eat the less verjuice with her mutton. 1657Trapp Comm. Ezra vi. 13 II. 22 Their obedience was wrung out of them, as verjuice is out of a crab. 1748Hartley Observ. Man i. ii. 124 The good Effects of Vinegar, Verjuice, Spirits of Wine, in Sprains. 1799G. Smith Laboratory (ed. 6) I. 343 Beat pumice stones to an impalpable powder, and mix up with verjuice. 1853Royle Mat. Med. (ed. 2) 358 When unripe the fruit is remarkable for the harsh acidity of its juice, which is then called verjuice. 1881Harper's Mag. LXIII. 266 To distort the face as if one were quaffing verjuice.
fig.1616R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) 80 They must have veriuice that will squeese such crabbes. 1624Middleton Game at Chess v. iii, 'S foot this Fat Bishop hath..so squelch'd and squeez'd me, I've no verjuice left in me. 1662Hibbert Body Div. i. 269 Take heed of matching with one of the daughters of Heth; he that graffs into a crab-stock, is like never to want verjuice.
β1349–50Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 551 In xvj lag. de vergeous. 1392Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 155 Et pro viij galonibus vergws. a1400Leg. Holy Rood viii. 175 Ȝit Moyses in Rule haþ rad, We schulde ete vr lomb in sour vergeous. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. cxlvii. (1869) 134, I serue of vinegre and of vergeous, and of greynes þat ben soure. c1440Douce MS. 55 fol. 7 Then take..a quantite of vertious & saffron & salte & cast ther to. 1463Bury Wills (Camden) 23 A barell with wergoys, and a botel for wynne. 1513W. de Worde Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. 278 It ought for to be eten with grene garlyke, or with sorell, or tender vynes, or vergyus in somer season. 1558Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. (1568) 65 b, Boile it in iii glasses full of good vergeous or whyte wyne. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 57 Some adde thereunto Vergius, or the iuyce of soure Grapes, to make the taste more tarte.
γ1412–3Abingdon Acc. (Camden) 75 De vuis..pro vergis inde fact'. c1518Skelton Magnyf. 1779 Somtyme, parde, I must vse largesse. Ye, mary, somtyme in a messe of vergesse. 1527Luton Trin. Guild (1906) 186 Payd..for j galone of wargis. 1557Lanc. & Chesh. Wills (Chetham Soc. 1884) 64, ij barrells to keepe varges in. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 53 Be sure of vergis..so good for the kitchen. 1610Markham Masterp. i. lxxi. 148 You shall then onely giue it a pint of strong verdges to drinke. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Begger Wks. i. 97/2 And for a Sauce he seldom is at Charges, For euery Crabtree, doth affoord him Vergis. 1639O. Wood Alph. Bk. Secrets 102 Make a posset of Varges or Vinigar and Milke, bath the joynt very hot therewith. 1837Hood Ode to Dr. Hahnemann 38 A drop of ‘varges’. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss. 375 As sour as vargis. 1904E. Step Wayside & Woodland Trees 103 Cyder is made from the rotting Crabs; also a kind of vinegar called verjuice or vargis.
†b. In fig. phrases to crowd, crush, squeeze to verjuice. Obs.
1605Tryall Chev. ii. i. in Bullen Old Pl. (1884) III. 289 And that sowre crab do but leere at thee I shall squeeze him to Vargis. 1621Fletcher Isl. Princess iii. i, They love a man that crushes 'em to verjuce. a1625― Wife for Month ii. i, They have crowded me to Vergis, I sweat like a butter⁓box.
2. In fig. use, with reference to the characteristic acidity or sourness of verjuice.
1598E. Guilpin Skial. (1878) 39 Oh how the varges from his blacke pen wrung, Would sauce the Idiome of the English tongue. Ibid. 65 To mittigate The sharp tart veriuice of his snap-haunce hate. 1626B. Jonson Staple of N. v. i, Hang him, an austere grape, That has no iuice, but what is veriuice in him. 1685Crowne Sir C. Nice i, The Devil of Envy suck'd it all out, and left verjuice in the roome. 1759Mrs. Delany in Life & Corr. (1862) 543 To be sure there must be an infinite deal of verjuice in her composition! 1791J. Wolcot (P. Pindar) Rights of Kings xviii. Wks. 1816 II. 209 The heart should be a medlar, not a crab; Milk, and not Verjuice, from its fount should flow. 1825Scott Betrothed xxii, Raoul, glancing towards her a look of verjuice [etc.]. 1833T. Hook Parson's Dau. ii. xi, Miss Budd, although she said nothing, looked vinegar and verjuice. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets iv. 101 The temper of his proposed son-in-law was a mixture of gall, wormwood, vinegar, verjuice, vitriol and nitric acid.
3. attrib. or as adj.
a. Simple attrib., as verjuice barrel, verjuice bottle, verjuice brake, verjuice house, verjuice sauce, verjuice tub, verjuice vessel.
1432E.E. Wills (1882) 91 A vergyous barell. c1450Two Cookery Bks. 103 The sauce is vergyus sauce or sauce ginger. 1516–7Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 106 Pro ostiis le Weriushouse. 1551–60in Hall Eliz. Soc. (1887) 150 A verguys tubbe. 1578Knaresb. Wills (Surtees) I. 134 In the buttrie..a kitt, a vergious brake. 1588Lanc. & Chesh. Wills (Chetham Soc. 1893) 150, ij kneadinge tubes, iij cheises, ij verges barrells. 1629Inv. Househ. Goods in Trans. Essex Archæol. Soc. III. ii. 161 In the West Larder..8 vergis vessells.
b. Passing into adj. in the sense of ‘bitter, sour, sour-looking’, as verjuice countenance, verjuice face, verjuice wit.
1598Marston Sco. Villanie To Iudiciall Perusers, I dare defend my plainenesse against the veriuice-face of the Crabbedst Satyrist that euer stuttered. 1613Heywood Brazen Age ii. iii, She scarce will let me kisse her, But shee makes vergisse faces. 1632Brome Court Beggar ii. i, Thou hast a verjuice wit. 1823Scott Peveril vii, A verjuice countenance..is no such temptation. 1853Hickie tr. Aristoph. (1887) I. 12 You bear the basket prettily, with a verjuice face.
†c. verjuice grape, one or other variety of grape suitable for the making of verjuice (cf. quot. 1725 and F. verjus a sour or green grape). Obs.
1648Hexham ii, Verjuys-besien, Verjus or Sowre grapes. 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xxv, The great red grapes, the muscadine, the verjuice grape. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. Sept. 74 The Verjuyce-grape excellent for sauce, &c. 1706London & Wise Retir'd Gard. I. xi. 52 Having planted your Trees, you ought..to set some Chasselas, or Verjuice Grapes, about your Squares. 1725Fam. Dict. s.v., There are three sorts of Grapes to which they properly give the Name of Verjuice, viz. the Gouais, Farineus, and Bourdelas, otherwise le Grey; and 'tis from these three that they commonly press Verjuice.
Hence ˈverjuice v. trans., to embitter, make sour; ˈverjuiced ppl. a.
1836W. H. Maxwell Capt. Blake xv, The maid was a verjuiced spinster. 1848Lowell Fable for Critics (1865) 217 His sermons with satire are plenteously verjuiced. 1892W. G. Thorpe Still Life Mid. Temple 3 Sir John Key, where the inherent rhyme to ‘donkey’ verjuiced the baronetcy. |