| 释义 |
ˈvertically, adv.
[f. vertical a. + -ly2.]
1. a. In a vertical manner, direction, or position; so as to be vertical to the plane of the horizon, the earth's surface, or some other horizontal line or plane; perpendicularly, or approximately so; directly overhead or down below.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. x. 326 The Dogstarre,..although it be not verticall unto any part of Asia,..yet is it so unto America, and vertically passeth over the habitations of Peru and Brasilia. 1677Grew Anat. Fruits v. §17 The Seed-Case of Anagallis..opens not by its Meridian or Vertically,..but by its Horizon. 1679Moxon Math. Dict. s.v. Vertex, A Star is said to be Vertical, that..Vertically hangs over any place. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 17 If Lightening causes these Circles, it must also be allowed that it descends vertically. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. II. xvii. 261 note, The pupil in animals of the cat kind..is oblong vertically. 1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 763 Capsules opening vertically. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 221 Some [insects], as the butterflies, raise their wings vertically in repose. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 615 Some modification of lateral training will, in almost every case, be found preferable to training vertically. 1880Haughton Phys. Geog. ii. 21 An earthquake occurred, vertically under the town of Arica.
Comb.1793Martyn Lang. Bot. s.v. Verticale, A vertically ovate leaf is the same with an obversely-ovate or obovate leaf; and a vertically cordate leaf is the same with an obversely cordate or obcordate leaf. 1878Abney Treat. Photogr. xxxiii. 268 A fair general focus can..be obtained by using with the camera a vertically-pivoted swing-back.
b. Math. (Cf. vertical a. 2).
1660Barrow Euclid i. xv. Schol., If four right lines, proceeding from one point, make the angles vertically opposite equal. 1840Lardner Geom. 24 When two straight lines cross each other,..the angle BAD is said to be vertically opposite to the angle EAC.
c. Mus. Harmonically rather than melodically. (Cf. vertical a. 3 e.)
1934Hound & Horn July–Sept. 596 He..feels that he is tired of exploiting the folk tune, horizontally, vertically, atonally, seriously, or comically. 1954Grove's Dict. Mus. (ed. 5) VIII. 126/2 Pre-war controversy as to the justification of programme music and ‘hearing vertically’ began to have no more than antiquarian interest. 1969Listener 26 June 905/1 Strauss's counterpoint tends to be the result of thinking ‘vertically’, against strongly defined chord-progressions.
2. Throughout the different levels of a hierarchical system.
1933Sun (Baltimore) 2 Sept. 2/1 With an industry organized vertically, the logical labor organization is vertical. 1958Listener 9 Oct. 547/2 Differences throughout the Arab sectors run both vertically and horizontally: between religious sects, social strata, settlers and nomads. 1962Economist 27 Oct. 393/1 The industry should..be concentrated into fewer, vertically-integrated firms. 1974J. White tr. Poulantzas's Fascism & Dictatorship iii. ii. 95 The big stores competed for growth as they were vertically integrated into the industrial trusts. |