| 释义 |
incompatibility|ɪnkəmpætɪˈbɪlɪtɪ|
[a. F. incompatibilité (15th c.): see next and -ity.]
1. a. The quality or condition of being incompatible; incongruity, absolute inconsistency, irreconcilableness.
1611Cotgr., Incompatibilité, incompatibilitie, iarring, disagreement. 1614Selden Titles Hon. 310 The incompatibilitie of the then vsd superstitions in the Camp, and Christianitie. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iv. iii. §15 Incompatibility, or repugnancy to co-existence. 1763Scrafton Indostan ii. (1770) 45 Hadjee Hamet..gave the world an instance more of the incompatibility of wickedness with happiness. 1831Brewster Optics vii. §66. 73 The hypothesis..which others had rejected from its incompatibility with the phenomena of the spectrum. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 128 Divorces are readily allowed for incompatibility of temper.
b. (with pl.) An incompatible thing or quality.
1671E. Panton Spec. Juvent. 105 You may tell me that I propose Incompatibilities. 1759Dilworth Pope 80 They made him an absurd Compound of incompatibilities. 1822Lamb Elia Ser. i. Artif. Comedy Last Cent., The comedy, I have said, is incongruous; a mixture of Congreve with sentimental incompatibilities. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xlvii. (1856) 442 It became a grave question, how to reconcile the incompatibilities of dog and goat.
†2. = incompetibility. Obs. rare.
1659Parl. Let. 9 May in England's Conf. 14 We..urged their incompatibility to judge of the Members.
3. Pharm. The condition (of drugs) of being incompatible (sense 5); an instance of this.
1825R. Best Tables Chem. Equivalents 29 This table refers only to chemical incompatibility. The physician must decide for himself, on the propriety of combining those substances which it designates as incompatible with each other. 1877R. Farquharson Guide Therapeutics 14 Incompatibility may be of different sorts, and is generally divided into chemical and physiological. 1948Gross & Greenberg Salicylates ii. 16 Incompatibility of salicylic acid has been reported with compounds of bismuth. 1969J. A. Bevan Essent. Pharmacol. lxv. 628 The whole problem of drug incompatibility is changing as our knowledge of drug metabolism enlarges. Ibid. 629 In Table 65-2 some common therapeutic drug incompatibilities are listed. 1970A. & E. F. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics (ed. 7) i. 20 Incompatibilities between drugs may also occur when they are mixed, as a result of physical or chemical changes.
4. Biol.
a. The incapacity of cells or tissue from one individual to tolerate those of some other individual when an organic union of some kind is formed between them, esp. in grafting and transplantation, in the transfusion of blood, and in parasitism.
1904Mass. Agric. Exper. Station Techn. Bull. No. 2. 15 After a close study of a large number of these defective unions, the writer has reached the opinion that they are almost always due to the incompatibility of stock and cion. 1916J. Loeb Organism as a Whole iii. 46 A lesser though still marked degree of incompatibility exists also in lower animals for grafts from a different species. 1916Mem. N.Y. Bot. Garden VI. 429 Between bloods of members of any one class there is no incompatibility in the form of agglutination. 1927Jrnl. Agric. Res. XXXIV. 675 Reciprocal grafts between the pigmented and the nonpigmented varieties showed no incompatibility whatever, as they produced well-established unions. 1935N. P. Sherwood Immunol. xii. 270 In discussing the incompatibility of species not closely related, Loeb mentions the rigid specificity requirements for successful skin grafting or organ transplantation. 1957Mahlstede & Haber Plant Propagation xvi. 277 Many theories have been proposed relative to the causes of incompatibility in grafted plants. 1970Woman's Own 3 Jan. 26/3 Expectant mothers will be immunized against the development of the Rhesus incompatibility which can affect their babies. 1971Canad. Jrnl. Bot. XLIX. 304/2 Parasite/host combinations are referred to by the corresponding genotypes under study which specify compatibility or incompatibility of the relationship.
b. Inability to succeed in sexual reproduction under circumstances where fertile gametes are produced and brought together; orig. used mainly of failure of crossing between different species, but now usu. spec. such inability (occurring in many species of fungi and angiosperms) between individuals belonging to the same species, which is genetically controlled and which usually acts to promote outbreeding.
1905Biol. Bull. VIII. 320 The incompatibility was less marked... In general..the eggs crossed much more readily than did the California form. 1913W. Bateson Probl. Genetics xi. 240 Whether the incompatibility between species is to be associated with that of the self-steriles also cannot be positively asserted. 1916A. B. Stout in Mem. N.Y. Bot. Garden VI. 335 The term incompatibility has been, of course, used to characterize a wide range of causes of failure in reproduction, but it can well be limited in its application to those causes existing in the plants themselves which prevent fertilization in and between plants with normal reproductive organs and gametes. Ibid. 336 We may distinguish two quite distinct types of incompatibility: 1. Anatomical incompatibility... 2. Physiological incompatibility. 1954Adv. Genetics VI. 236 The widespread distribution and high frequency of incompatibility in the higher plants and fungi indicate that it is one of the most important outbreeding mechanisms in plants. 1966J. R. Raper Genetics of Sexuality in Higher Fungi iv. 52 The terms ‘incompatibility’ and ‘incompatibility factors’ as applied to this and other systems of self-sterility in the fungi are of more recent origin. 1970Bot. Gaz. CXXXI. 139 (heading) Self- and interspecific incompatibility in the Convolvulaceae. |