| 释义 |
vesicle|ˈvɛsɪk(ə)l|
Also 6, 8 vessicle.
[ad. F. vésicule, or L. vēsīcula vesicula.]
1. a. Anat. and Zool. A small bladder-like vessel in an animal body; a cavity or cell with a membranous integument; a small sac or cyst.
Freq. with defining terms, as blood-, food-, germinal, seminal, umbilical vesicles; see also graafian, purkinjean.
1578Banister Hist. Man v. 64 The intrels, which receiue the dryer excrement, as the Vessicle of Choler. 1607T. Walkington Opt. Glass ix. 103 Those men which want the vesicle of cholor, are both strong and couragious. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 4 If you divide the Bee near the neck, you shall see the heart beat most lively, which is a white pulsing vesicle. 1691Ray Creation ii. (1692) 63 That the Lungs should be made up of such innumerable Air-pipes and Vesicles interwoven with Blood Vessels in order to purifie, ferment, or supply the sanguineous Mass with Nitro-aerial Particles. 1713Cheselden Anat. i. i. (1726) 12 The marrow in the larger cells is also contained in their membranous vesicles. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. ii. 156 The vesicles, that go to form the brain. 1797M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) 390 The small vesicles which make a part of the natural structure of the ovaria. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxii. 260 These cells may be represented as so many minute vesicles. 1870Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. p. xxxvi, The brain [of Amphioxus] consists of three primary vesicles.
Comb.1870Rolleston Anim. Life 155 Contractile Polian vesicle-like sacs are developed.
b. Similarly in Bot.
1670Phil Trans. V. 1176 There are found many leaves of other trees, on which grow Vesicles, or small baggs. 1673Grew Anat. Trunks i. i. §3 A simple, white, and close Parenchyma or Barque; made up of Vesicles..hardly visible without a Glass. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. iii. v. (1765) 183 Pappillose, nipply; when it is covered with Vesicles, little Bladders. 1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Vegetation, All the roots becoming longer, put forth new branches out of their sides, the second leaf withers, and its vesicles are emptied. 1832Lindley Introd. Bot. 158 This third envelope always begins by being a mass of cellular tissue,..and generally finishes by becoming a vesicle. 1882Vines Sachs' Bot. 59 The older hypothesis of a deposition of new layers from within presupposes that the starch-grains were at first hollow vesicles.
c. Physics. A minute bubble or spherule of liquid or vapour, esp. one of those composing a cloud or fog.
1731Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Dew, The thin Vesicles of which Vapours consist. Ibid., The Warmth..forms those Vesicles that are specifically lighter than the Air. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. IV. lii. 446 Clouds are composed of a mass of vesicles like soap-bubbles. 1854Brewster More Worlds iii. 61 The aqueous vapour which it [sc. the atmosphere] contains, whether it exist in minute vesicles, or in masses of clouds. 1869T. L. Phipson tr. Guillemin's Sun (1870) 42 When the vesicles which constitute clouds are cooled they unite to form drops. 1884J. Tait Mind in Matter (1892) 87 The salt is brought by the travelling clouds, each vesicle charged with a precious burden.
d. Geol. A small spherical or oval cavity produced by the presence of bubbles of gas or vapour in volcanic rocks.
1811Pinkerton Petralogy II. 328 The vesicles are sometimes of an oblong form, but often spherical. 1849Dana Geol. vi. (1850) 346 Occasionally we see fragments in which the vesicles are thickly disseminated. 1879Rutley Stud. Rocks xi. 191 In some of the obsidians of Hawaii the vesicles are quite spherical.
2. A hollow swelling. rare—1. (Cf. next.)
1672Marvell Reh. Transp. ii. 11 He demonstrates at large how impossible it was..for Mankind to be produced at first from certain Vesicles or Pimples of the Earth.
3. Path. A small, generally round, elevation of the cuticle containing fluid matter.
1799Jenner Further Obs. Variolæ Vaccinæ (1801) 33 The patient felt no general indisposition, although there was so great a number of vessicles. 1801Med. Jrnl. V. 338 He has twice scratched off the surface of the rising vesicle. 1847Youatt Horse viii. 204 Vesicles will sometimes appear along the under side of the tongue. 1867Baker Nile Tribut. viii. (1872) 107 Small vesicles rose above the skin. 1876J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 295 The amount of fluid relatively to the solid constituents of vesicles varies very much.
b. Without article.
1845Encycl. Metrop. VII. 755/1 The vaccine pustule runs a given course of varus and of vesicle. |