| 释义 |
▪ I. increase, v.|ɪnˈkriːs|
Forms: α. 4–5 encres(se, encrees(e, encreesse, encresce, 4–6 encrese, encrece, (5 encresche), 5–6 encreace, 6 encreas, (7 pa. pple. encrest), 5–9 encrease. β. 5 incresse, increasse, 5–6 increse, (Sc.) incress, 5 (6 Sc.) incres, 6 increace, (Sc.) incresce, 6– increase.
[a. AF. encres-, encress- (infl. encresse, encressent) = OF. encreis(s)-, stem of encreistre, later encroistre:—L. incrēscĕre to increase, f. in- (in-2) + crēscĕre to grow. In later use, the prefix is assimilated to L.; the ea represents ME. open ē.]
I. Intransitive senses.
1. To become greater in size, amount, duration, or degree; to be enlarged, extended, or intensified; to wax, grow.
α13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 958 Þer glory & blysse schal euer encres. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 19 Goostly feeste shulde encreese. c1386Chaucer Clerk's Prol. 50 The Poo..That Estward ay encresseth in his cours. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. lxiii. (Bodl. MS.), Þe more þe fatnes encreseþ and waxiþ. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iv. iii. 48 Still his power encreaseth. 1628Sir W. Mure Spir. Hymne 101 Without thee, Lord,..Heaven's glorious courts had neere encrest [rimes blest, invest, prest, rest, addrest]. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 76 In mines..the cold seems to encrease from the mouth as we descend. 1825Lingard Hist. Eng. VI. 3 As the danger of the queen encreased.
βc1440Promp. Parv. 261/1 Increse, or grow or wax more. c1460Towneley Myst. viii. 177 Thare comforth shall euer increasse [rimes peasse, seasse, measse]. a1553Udall Royster D. iv. iii. (Arb.) 65 In case this strife increace. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 83 Quhilk ay incressis moir and moir. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. iii. iii. §8 As corruption increased in the world. 1736Butler Anal. i. i. (1884) 23 Drowsiness, increasing till it ends in sound sleep. 1864Tennyson Victim iii, His beauty still with his years increased.
2. To grow in numbers, become more numerous or frequent, to multiply; esp. by propagation.
αc1315, Shoreham 72 No stren may non encressy Wythoute flesches loste. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xi. 389 And bad euery creature in his kynde encrees. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 86 Many small graynes of corne may growe and encrease to fyll a great garner. 1642Rogers Naaman 557 Hypocrites encrease. 1722De Foe Plague (1884) 11 The Burials encreased. 1798Ferriar Illustr. Sterne i. 4 Materials have encreased on my hands.
β1530Palsgr. 590/2 It is a straunge thynge that one grayne shulde increase thurty. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. vi. 34 The mighty word,..That bad them to increase and multiply. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 748 Our Maker bids increase, who bids abstain But our Destroyer, foe to God and Man? 1727–38Gay Fables i. xxxix. 29 He feels no joy, his cares increase. 1855Tennyson Maud iii. ii, And watch her harvest ripen, her herd increase.
3. To become greater in some specified quality or respect; to grow or advance in.
1388Wyclif Acts xvi. 5 The chirches..encreseden in noumbre eche dai. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 1705 Dayly encreasynge in worshyp and renowne. 1526Tindale Luke ii. 52 Iesus increased in wisdom and age, and in favoure with god and man. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 146 Lat vs incres in lufe of the. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. iii. iv. §12 Daily increasing in numbers and power. 1814Miss O'Keefe Zenobia II. 112 He became subject to His parents and encreased in stature and in wisdom. 1871L. Morris Songs two Worlds Ser. i. Rich & Wise (1872) 100 In wit and wealth do I increase.
4. In pregnant sense: To advance in wealth, fortune, power, influence, etc.; to grow richer, more prosperous, or more powerful; to thrive more and more; to prosper. Obs. or arch.
1388Wyclif Matt. xxv. 29 To euery man that hath me schal ȝyue, and he schal encreese. 1486Bk. St. Albans C vij a, She shall encrece myghtely. 1526Tindale John iii. 30 He must increace: and I muste decreace. 1625Bacon Ess., Riches (Arb.) 237 He cannot but encrease mainely. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 168, I began to increase visibly; I had a large quantity of land cured.
5. Lat. Gram. Of a noun or adjective: To have one syllable more in the genitive than in the nominative; the word is said to increase short or long according as the vowel of this syllable (i.e. the last syllable of the stem, preceding the case-ending) is short or long.
1612[implied in increaser 4]. 1669Milton Accedence, Nouns, Such [nouns of third declension] as increase not in the genitive are generally feminine, as nubes nubis. 1871Pub. School Latin Primer §29. 14 Merces, merges, quies, seges, Though their Genitives increase. 1875W. Smith Smaller Lat. Gram. §144. 84 Es increasing short in Genitive.
II. Transitive senses.
6. a. To cause to wax or grow; to make greater in amount or degree; to augment, enlarge, extend, intensify.
α13..K. Alis. 1437 His ost he encresed with six thousynd Of noble knyghtis. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 457 And yet encresseth this al my penaunce. c1491Caxton Chast. Goddes Chyld. 69 Ryches encreaseth auaryce in a couetous man as drinke encreseth thurst in a man that hathe the dropesie. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 97 It encreaseth my sorrow and thy shame. 1611Bible Lev. xxv. 16 Thou shalt encrease the price thereof. 1747Wesley Prim. Physic (1762) 57 It may be encreased or lessened according to the strength of the Patient. 1822J. Imison Sc. & Art II. 37 The combustion will proceed with a splendour much encreased.
βc1440Promp. Parv. 261/1 Incresyn, or moryn, augeo. c1450Cov. Myst. xxxii. (Shaks. Soc.) 326 Now is my care wel more incressyd! [rime dressyd]. a1553Udall Royster D. Prol. (Arb.) 10 Mirth increaseth amitie. 1611Bible Eccl. i. 18 Hee that increaseth knowledge, increaseth sorrow. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 262 Such things as increase its Velocity. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 73 Wages are increased by increasing the produce of labour, not by decreasing the produce.
b. (See quot. 1957.)
1840J. Gaugain Lady's Assistant 96 Increase a stitch on each wire, by knitting the last stitch in the common way; knit it again from the back part of the loop (this is the way to increase without making a hole). 1872Young Englishwoman Nov. 607/1 The increasing and decreasing may..take place at the ends or in the middle of the work. In increasing in the middle, the increase is effected by taking up stitches. 1944A. Thirkell Headmistress iii. 60 They..had to take off all the stitches and unravel back to where they ought to have begun increasing and pick up all the stitches again. 1957M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 182/2 Increase, in knitting, crocheting, tatting, etc., to add to number of stitches in row, pattern, or round so as to enlarge the piece. 1971Vogue's Guide to Crochet 14 Increasing a stitch means adding a stitch, and decreasing a stitch means losing it. Ibid., Care must be taken not to decrease or increase in such a way as to leave an uneven edge.
7. a. To make more numerous, augment the number of, multiply.
1382Wyclif Ecclus. I. 24 That encreside oure daȝes fro the wombe of oure moder. c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋774 Sweete wordes multiplien and encreesen [v.r. encrescen] freendes. 1552Bk. Com. Prayer, Litany, Encrease the fruites of the yearth. 1611Bible Jer. xxix. 6 Take ye wiues..that ye may bee increased there. 1788Cowper Negro's Compl. i, To increase a stranger's treasures.
†b. To make fruitful; to cause to yield increase. Obs. nonce-use.
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 27 Come all ye Gods and Goddesses that wear The rural Honours, and increase the Year.
8. To make greater in some specified quality or respect. Const. in, also formerly with. Now rare or Obs.
1421Sir H. Luttrell in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. I. 86, I pray unto God of hys grace encresce ȝow in worship, prosperite, and perfit ioye. 1526Tindale Rev. iii. 17 Thou sayst thou arte riche and incresyd with gooddes, and haste nede off nothinge. 1700Dryden Iliad i. 372 Believe a friend with thrice your years increas'd.
9. In pregnant sense: To make more wealthy, prosperous, or powerful; to enrich or advance; to cause to thrive; to promote. Obs. or arch. (cf. increaser 2).
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 369 Þe clergy in alle þese poyntis ben encresyd. c1430Lydg. Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 5 His mortalle foon to oppressen and bere adoune, And him to encresin as Cristis champion. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. To Gentlm. Eng. (Arb.) 18 Cicero..increased the latine tounge after another sorte. 1607Shakes. Cor. iv. v. 235 This peace is nothing, but to rust Iron, encrease Taylors, and breed Ballad-makers.
▪ II. increase, n.
(ˈɪnkriːs, formerly ɪnˈkriːs)
Forms: see the verb.
[f. prec. vb.
The shifting of the stress is recent. Todd remarks ‘the accent..has, in modern times, been often placed on the first syllable, by way of so distinguishing the substantive from the verb’. ˈIncrease appears in Walker 1791, Perry 1805. Some later dicts. have both inˈcrease and ˈincrease: so in Tennyson.]
I. The action of increasing.
1. a. The action, process, or fact of becoming or making greater; augmentation, growth, enlargement, extension.
αc1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 1229 (1257) It nys but foly and encres of peyne. c1386― Prol. 275 Sownynge alway thencrees of his wynnyng. c1430Lydg. in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 27 Is none so gret encrese Of worldly tresowre as for to lyve in pease. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4 Augmentacyon and encrease of meryte. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. ii. 144 As if encrease of Appetite had growne By what it fed on. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 93 ⁋1 Opinions which the progress of his studies and the encrease of his knowledge oblige him to resign.
βc1440Promp. Parv. 139 Encres, or incres,..augmentacio. 1508Dunbar Flyting w. Kennedie 21 Incres of sorrow, sklander, and evill name. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xi. §2 As God gaue increase to his Church. 1674Playford Skill Mus. i. vii. 24 Notes of Augmentation or Increase. 1700Dryden Flower & Leaf 595 For things of tender kind, for pleasure made Shoot up with swift increase, and sudden are decay'd. 1870E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. I. 6 With increase of business came increase of expense.
†b. spec. The rising of the tide, or of the waters of a river; the advance of daylight from sunrise to noon; the waxing of the moon. Obs.
1555Eden Decades 119 They see the seas by increase and decrease to flowe and reflowe. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme ii. liv. 381 In the increase of the day, that is to saie, about nine or tenne a clocke in the morning. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 564 The Land of Egypt doth not onely owe the fertilitie, but herselfe also, unto the slimie encrease of Nilus. 1626Bacon Sylva §892 Seeds will grow soonest, And Haire, and Nailes, and Hedges, and Herbs, Cut, &c. will grow soonest, if they be Set, or Cut, in the Increase of the Moone. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. (1848) 55 Oysters, and other Shell-fish, are observ'd to thrive at the Increase of the Moon, though her Light be unattended with Heat.
2. The becoming more numerous or frequent; growth in numbers; multiplication.
a. gen.
1390Gower Conf. III. 283 [Moab and Ammon], as it is founde, Cam afterward to great encres. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 114 Deuise..howe the encrease of them may encrease thy profite. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. iii. iv. §13 We can have no reason to think, that..none of them [Sem's posterity] went further off, which necesity would put them upon because of their great increase. 1768Goldsm. Good-n. Man i. i, The encrease and progress of earthquakes. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 284 The increase of the people has been great in every part of the kingdom.
b. spec. The multiplication of a family or race of men or animals; the production of offspring; reproduction, procreation, propagation, breeding.
1390Gower Conf. III. 277 In whom was gete netheles Of worldes folk the first encres. 1538Starkey England i. iii. 98 Few men study the increse of bestys and catayl. 1605Shakes. Lear i. iv. 301 Drie vp in her the Organs of increase. 1682Dryden Mac Fl. 8 Blest with issue of a large increase. 1842Tennyson E. Morris 44 God made the woman for the man, And for the good and increase of the world.
c. The fruitful multiplication of plants or crops.
1698G. Thomas Penns. & W. New Jersey (title-p.), The Richness of the Soil..the prodigious Encrease of Corn. 1794S. Williams Vermont 79 Trees and plants derive their nourishment and increase. 1850Tennyson In Mem. xlvi, The fruitful hours of still increase.
3. Phr. on the increase (in senses 1, 2): Increasing, becoming greater or more frequent.
1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 51 The power of the crown..is rather on the encrease. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. ii. viii. I. 100 Brandenburg was..always rather on the increase than otherwise. 1884Times (weekly ed.) 26 Sept. 3/4 The use of the telephone is generally on the increase in most parts of the Continent.
†4. spec. Growth in wealth, prosperity, honour, or influence; advancement, progress. Obs.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1087 (Dido) Al the worshippe and encres That I may goodly doon yow. 1450Q. Margaret in Four C. Eng. Lett. 8 We, desiryng th' encres, furtherance, and preferring of oure said squire. 1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 793 To take upon him the..governaunce of this realme, to the welth and increase of the same. 1638F. Junius Paint. of Ancients 112 Upon some she bestowed honour, force, and increase. 1718Watts Ps. cxxii, The man that seeks thy peace, And wishes thine increse, A thousand blessings on him rest. 1719W. Wood Surv. Trade 57 It is manifest, we have not diminish'd in our Encrease by Foreign Trade, from 1688 to this Time.
II. The result or product of increasing.
5. a. The result of increasing; an increased amount, addition, increment.
1382Wyclif 2 Macc. ix. 11 By alle momentis his sorewis takynge encresis [L. augmenta]. c1400Cato's Mor. 40 in Cursor M. App., Kepe hit wiþ encrese. c1440Promp. Parv. 261/1 Incres, incrementum. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 292 Thou wilt but adde encrease vnto my Wrath. 1810Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) V. 508 The increase of expense occasioned by the increased subsidy to the Portuguese Government, and by the increase of our own army. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 69 Working men think that, when their wages are raised, the increase comes out of the pockets of their employers.
b. (See increase v. 6 b.)
1872[see increase v. 6 b]. 1971M. Hamilton-Hunt tr. Mon Tricot Knitting Dict. 20 An increase is the method of making an extra or supplementary stitch in the course of the work... The single increases are known as simple increases... Double increases are used for darts, etc.
6. Offspring, progeny, brood (of men or animals). Properly collective: also poet., of an individual = Offspring, child.
1552Huloet, Increase of cattell, fœtura. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. iii. 114 My deere Wiue's Estimate, her wombes encrease. 1611Bible 1 Sam. ii. 33 And all the increase of thine house shall die in the floure of their age. 1674tr. Scheffer's Lapland 128 The two Rain-deers..as likewise their increase, which sometimes comes to a considerable number. 1688Dryden Brit. Rediv. 208 Iove's increase, who from his brain was born. a1717Addison tr. Ovid Wks. 1753 I. 199 Only five Of all the vast increase were left alive.
7. a. That which grows or is produced from the earth; vegetable produce, crops. Also formerly in pl. (rare). arch.
1535Coverdale Ps. lxvi[i]. 6 That the earth maye bringe forth hir increase. 1535― 1 Macc. xiv. 8 The trees gaue their frute and encreace. c1585in Capt. Smith Virginia i. (1624) 4 Beyond are many isles full of fruits and other Naturall increases. c1600Shakes. Sonn. xcvii, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth i. (1723) 60 The Earth did not then teem forth its Encrease. 1710Prideaux Orig. Tithes i. 8 Abel brought as much of his encrease.
b. transf. That which breeds in. or is produced by, any region, as fish in the sea (cf. ‘the harvest of the deep’). rare.
1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse Ded. A ij, Behold..the Seas with her merveilous increse. 1687Dryden Hind & P. iii. 1248 All the wild increase of woods and fields [i.e. birds], And who in rocks aloof, and who in steeples builds.
c. (Chiefly fig. from 7). The product, result, or ‘fruit’ of any action; a literary production (quot. 1589); that which is obtained or gained, profit; interest on money.
1560Bible (Genev.) Lev. xxv. 37 Thou shalt not..lend him thy vitailes for increase. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. xiv. viii. (1886) 312 They doo [lose] their increase and their principall. 1589Nashe Pref. Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 17 George Peele..whose first encrease, the Arraignement of Paris, might plead to your opinions, his pregnant dexteritie of wit. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 241 All kinds of Flints..are hard to burn..because a great part of its increase goes away by a kind of Glass. |