| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ via, n.|ˈvaɪə, ˈviːə|
[L. via a road or way.
Several senses of the word (by itself or with Latin adjs.), which are recorded in earlier and copied in later Dictionaries, appear to have had no real currency in English.]
1. Via Lactea, the Milky Way.
1615[see Milky Way 1]. a1635Sibbes Breathing after God (1639) 144 As we say of the Via lactea, or Milky way in the heavens,..it is nothing but a deale of light from a company of little starres, that makes a glorious lustre. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Milky-way or Via Lactea, the Galaxy, is a broad white Path or Track, encompassing the whole Heavens. 1786M. Cutler in Life, etc. (1888) II. 238 In the via lactea he found the whitish appearance completely resolved into a glorious multitude of stars of all possible sizes. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XIII. 267 He found that the via lactea and nebulæ consisted of a collection of fixed stars. 1802O. Gregory Treat. Astron. 42 The Via Lactea, Galaxy, or Milky Way, may also be reckoned under the head of constellations. 1840T. Dick Sidereal Heavens 185 This mighty zone..is sometimes termed..the Via Lactea, but more frequently..the Milky Way, from its resemblance to the whiteness of milk.
transf.a1661Fuller Worthies, London ii. (1662) 208 Sir Thomas More was..born in Milkstreet, London (the brightest Star that ever shined in that Via lactea).
2. a. A way or road; a highway; esp. one in Italy or one of the great Roman roads; cf. way n.1 1 c. Also fig.
1673J. Ray Observations Journey Low-Countries 369 We departed from Rome and began our journey to Venice; riding along the Via Flaminia..which reaches as far as Rimini. 1787J. Williams (A. Pasquin) Childr. Thespis ii. (1792) 157 'Tis but few little years since the charms of his voice Made..thousands rejoice;..And by walking approv'd thro the Thespian via, Tho' a slave to the tribes, prov'd the Drama's Messiah. 1822M. Wilmot Jrnl. 21–25 May in More Lett. (1935) 166 Cecilia Metella's Tomb..so well preserved amidst the many ruined tombs with which the old Via Appia abounds. 1851E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows i. iv. 8 That winter-hour, in Via Larga, when Thou wert commanded to build up in snow Some marvel of thine art. 1909W. J. Don in A. Reid Regality of Kirriemuir xxiii. 301 It was no mere track, but a substantial via, 20 feet wide. 1929Kipling Limits & Renewals (1932) 99 What was your best day's march on the Via Sebaste? 1973G. Sims Hunters Point xix. 177 The frontier town of Menton..where the French Route Nationale joins the Italian Via Aurelia. 1984A. Elliot On Appian Way 6 This poem represents a journey from Rome to Brindisi, more or less following the Via Appia.
b. Via Crucis |ˈkruːtʃɪs| = Way of the Cross s.v. way n.1 4 g; also fig., an extremely painful experience that has to be borne with fortitude; Via Dolorosa |dɒləˈrəʊzə| [L. dolōrōsus dolorous a.], the route in Jerusalem that Christ is believed to have followed from Pilate's judgement-hall to Calvary; also fig., = fig. sense of prec.
1844Orthodox Jrnl. 10 Aug. 100 Thirteen small altar pieces surround the arena [of the Colosseum], and Benedict XIV. introduced here the Via Crucis, or devotion to the passion, performed by a brotherhood of monks every Friday afternoon. 1878R. L. Stevenson Inland Voyage 186 Fitly enough may the potentate bestride his charger, like a centurion in an old German print of the Via Dolorosa; but the toys should be put away in a box among some cotton, until..the children are abroad again. 1901M. Carmichael In Tuscany 236 The loggia is 250 feet in length, on one side of it is a Via Crucis in bas-relief, on the other frescoes representing scenes from the life of the Saint. 1904H. O. Sturgis Belchamber ii. 23 Each step in the via dolorosa of his existence was fated to be more awful than the last. 1910C. E. Montague Hind let Loose xv. 290 Fay, with his feeble pity for all souls in trouble, winced to see this one..sneaking..down the same via dolorosa. 1923G. M. Trevelyan Manin & Venetian Revolution iv. 68 Silvio Pellico, whose narrative of his own martyrdom was the guide-book of Italian patriots on their via crucis. 1944Horizon July 71 Every human being makes the via crucis from innocence to experience. 1972Guardian 30 Nov. 14/5 ‘Via Galactica’ [sc. a play] turns out to be Peter Hall's Via Dolorosa. 1980O. Manning Sum of Things xix. 154 In the Via Dolorosa a procession was advancing slowly over the spacious, creamy flagstones. 1982‘M. Hebden’ Pel & Staghound xvii. 191 The Lord never intended the Via Crucis to be travelled with ease, child. 1984Observer 25 Nov. 9/2 Whatever might have happened to other ‘wets’ on their via dolorosa between 1979 and 1983, it was..hardly on the cards that Mrs Thatcher would simply drop Peter Walker.
3. a. via media, a middle way; an intermediate course or state. Hence via-medialism (see quot. 1881).
1834J. H. Newman Via Media (Tracts for the Times No. 38) sig. A3v, The glory of the English Church is, that it has taken the Via Media... It lies between the (so called) Reformers and the Romanists. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 168 The whole nation..is divided into two classes— bigoted Romanists or Infidels; there is no via media. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt Introd. I. 5 They were kept safely in the via media of indifference. 1881Church Times XIX. 128 Via-medialism, then, signifies a scheme whereof one party is asked to believe a little more, and the other a little less, than what they conceive to be true. 1886Mrs. E. Lynn Linton Paston Carew xxxiv, There was no via media, seeing that money was not to be found. 1936E. Underhill Worship xv. 324 The Via Media eludes not only the extremes of Catholic and Protestant cultus, but also the heights and deeps of the spiritual life. 1978Christian IV. 355 What the Chalcedonian definition attempted was a compromise, a via media, between conflicting interpretations of the union of the human and divine natures of Christ.
b. Theol. via negativa, the approach to God in which his nature is held so to transcend man's understanding that no positive statements can be made about it; the way to union with God in which the soul leaves behind the perceptions of the senses and the reasoning of the intellect; also transf., a way of denial; so via affirmativa, the approach to God through positive statements about his nature.
1856R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics I. iv. ii. 124 These two paths, the Via Negativa (or Apophatica) and the Via Affirmativa (or Cataphatica) constitute the foundation of his [sc. Dionysius's] mysticism. 1899W. R. Inge Christian Mysticism iii. 114 When Luther had the courage to break with ecclesiastical tradition, the via negativa rapidly disappeared within the sphere of his influence. 1942[see isness]. 1956G. Macleod Only One Way Left viii. 152 The Via Negativa: the way of interior denial. Unfortunately the Via Negativa cuts dead across the Emmaus Road. 1963J. A. T. Robinson Honest to God v. 95 The via negativa underlay the whole medieval ‘way of perfection’. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia IV. 549/2 He [sc. the pseudo-Dionysius] recognizes the partial validity of the positive approach (via affirmativa). 1977Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Jan. 88/5 As regards the Revolution, M Meyer's work is an exercise in the via negativa.
▪ II. ‖ via, int. Obs. exc. arch.|ˈvaɪə|
Also 6 fia.
[It. via (special use of via way: see prec.) ‘an aduerbe of encouraging, much vsed by riders to their horses, and by commanders’ (Florio, 1598).]
1. As an exclamation encouraging, inciting, or preparatory to movement or action, = Onward, come on, come along, etc.
1596Edward III, ii. ii. 12 Then via for the spatious bounds of Fraunce. 1596Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. i. 182 Why Via, to London will we march. 1602Middleton Blurt, Master Constable ii. B iv b, Via for fate, Fortune, loe this is all, At griefes rebound Ile mount, although I fall. 1619Fletcher Mons. Thomas ii. ii, Tho. Away then, find this Fidler, and do not miss me By nine a Clock. La[uncelot]. Via. 1623Markham Cheap & Good Husb. i. ii. (ed. 3) 15 First the voice, which sounding sharply and cheerefully,..crying, Via, how, hey, and such like, adde a spirit and liuelinesse to the horse. 1820Scott Monast. xxi, He exclaimed, ‘Thy death⁓hour has struck—betake thee to thy sword—Via!’
2. As an exhortation or command to depart, = Away, be off, begone.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. ii. 9 The..fiend bids me packe, fia saies the fiend, away saies the fiend. 1611Chapman May Day iv. i. 56 Your reward now shall be that I will not cut your strings nor breake your fidles, via, away. 1616B. Jonson Devil an Ass ii. i, Via pecunia! when she's runne and gone, And fled and dead; then will I fetch her, againe. 1818Scott Rob Roy vii, Horsewhip the rascal to purpose—via—fly away, and about it.
b. Used to check argument or reply, or to dismiss a subject.
1598Shakes. Merry W. ii. ii. 159 Ah ha, Mistresse Ford and Mistresse Page, haue I encompass'd you? goe to, via. 1821Scott Kenilw. vii, And what was Ralph Sadler but the clerk of Cromwell,..via! I know my steerage as well as they. Ibid. xxix, Why, via, let that pass too.
▪ III. ‖ via, prep.|ˈvaɪə|
Also viâ.
[L. viā, abl. sing. of via way, via n.]
1. By way of; by the route which passes through or over (a specified place).
1779J. Lovell Let. to Adams 13 June, A.'s Wks. 1854 IX. 483 This night is the fourteenth since we first had the news of his victory, via New Providence. 1813Sir R. Wilson Priv. Diary (1862) II. 139, I would sweep through Berlin, revictual the fortresses, and return via Magdeburg. 1833T. Hook Parson's Dau. iii. x, Lord Weybridge..is on his way to London viâ Paris. 1856C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain ii. xxii. 589 Ethel's misanthropy was happily conducted off via the Cocksmoor children. 1882H. De Windt Equator 127, I arranged to proceed through Spain and viâ Paris, home. 1899Kipling Stalky 56 Beetle..overturned a student's lamp, which dripped, via King's papers..on to a Persian rug. 1931R. Fry Let. 3 Mar. (1972) II. 654, I was ever so glad to hear, via Helen, of you. 1958A. Sillitoe Saturday Night & Sunday Morning iv. 60 Arthur and his father walked via the scullery into the living-room. 1959M. Gilbert Blood & Judgement xiii. 138 More..had come to the Police via the Lower Deck of the Royal Navy. 1981G. Household Summon Bright Water iii. 149 He led me to talk of my interest in ancient economies and thus, via agriculture in the Forest of Dean, eased the way to my impressions of Broom Lodge.
2. By means of, with the aid of.
1930in Amer. Speech VI. 122 Eastbay youth admits thefts via fish pole. 1972M. Kaye Lively Game of Death (1974) vii. 41 Any deal..would have to be..concluded via contracts, attorneys, the whole schmeer. 1977Rep. Comm. Future of Broadcasting iv. 30 It would in theory be possible to provide five more services with national coverage via satellite. |