| 释义 |
▪ I. viand1|ˈvaɪənd|
Forms: 4–5 vyaunde, 5 viaunde; 4, 6 vyand(e, 5–8 viande, 6– viand (7 viond).
[a. AF. viaunde, viande, OF. viande (= Sp. and Pg. vianda, It. vivanda):—pop.L. *vīvanda, for vīvenda, neut. pl. gerundive of L. vīvĕre to live.]
1. pl. Articles of food; provisions, victuals.
c1400Mandeville (1839) xxiii. 253 Flesche and dyverse vyaundes. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 80 b, Then spices, fruites, ielies, and banket viandes wer brought. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 48 b/2 His viandes, or meate and drincke, must only be Diureticke. 1615H. Crooke Body of Man 629 Whilst wee chew our meate the Tongue rowleth it selfe on euerie side of the mouth and applyeth it selfe to the Viands to take a say or Taste of them. 1646J. Hall Horæ Vac. 92 A good and strong stomack will convert course viands into good nourishment. 1691Ray Creation i. (1692) 116 Neither of which Viands [honey and bee-bread] is any where to be found amass'd by Nature. 1735Somerville Chase i. 154 Soon as the growling Pack, with eager Joy, Have lapp'd their smoking Viands. 1805Med. Jrnl. XIV. 555 The means of inducing the invalid or convalescent to derive every benefit that arises from delicacy and variety of viands. 1854Milman Lat. Chr. iv. v. (1864) II. 290 He dashed the wine on the earth and scattered about the other viands. 1886C. Bigg Chr. Platonists of Alexandria iii. 104 Viands of every kind..were provided by the liberality of the wealthier brethren.
fig.1826Lamb Elia ii, Sanity of True Genius, Lane's novels,..those scanty intellectual viands of the whole female reading public.
transf.1870Emerson Soc. & Solit., Farming Wks. (Bohn) III. 61 He will pamper his peaches and grapes on the viands they like best.
†b. Applied to a viaticum. Obs.—1
Compare sense 2 b, quot. 1555.
1607Hieron Bapt. Eunuch (1613) 7 To passe ouer the Sacrament of the supper, to some old people..who must take it (as was said in the daies of superstition) for their viands, being neerer (in opinion and possibility) to their last passage.
2. sing.
a. collect. Food, sustenance.
c1450Lovelich Grail xvi. 563 Othir viaunde hadde he non verament, But everiday swich as God him sente. a1483Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 17 His dayly dyet was not muche in sotyle and delicate vyaunde. c1515Interl. Four Elem. 465, I..oft refresshe nature agayne With delycate vyand. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. IV, 7 b, The same treasure [he] spent in folie, not paiyng pore men for their vitail and viande. Ibid., Edw. IV, 233 Euery table was abundantly furnished with all sortes of delicate viand. 1607Shakes. Cor. i. i. 103 The Belly..I' th' midd'st a th' body, idle and vnactiue, Still cubbording the Viand. 1643Prynne Sov. Power Parl. i. (ed. 2) 95 All things necessary both for viande and apparell. 1847Tennyson Princ. iv. 17 Before us glow'd Fruit, blossom, viand, amber wine, and gold. 1862Calverley Verses & Transl. (ed. 2) 46 Say I grow hourly thinner,..Tho' I do try and absorb some viand Each day.
b. With a, etc. An article or kind of food. (Cf. 1.)
1527in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. II. 128 Two small barrylls of a viande vsyd among the lordes here. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions ii. xii. 287 That euery christian manne, when he stode in any daungier of death,..should receiue it [the Sacrament] as a waifaring viande. 1658R. White tr. Digby's Powd. Symp. 36 By this thin viand [the air], they came in lesse than a year to a foot long. 1704W. King Mully of Mountoun 20 Thy White-wine, Sugar, Milk, together club, To make that gentle viand Syllabub. 1829Lytton Disowned 7 Not a viand they had fed on but had its appropriate legend. 1849W. Irving Astoria 320 Having made a ‘famous repast’, where this viand happened to be unusually plenty. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. iv, After some discussion..a decision was pronounced in favour of veal-cutlet... R. W. himself went out to purchase the viand.
†c. viand rial, as the name of a dish, spec. one composed of paste, eggs, sugar, wine, etc., and ornamented with gold and silver foil.
c1400Mandeville (1839) xviii. 193 Of theise Snayles..men maken Vyaunde Rialle, for the Kyng and for other grete Lordes. 14..Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 455 Viande Riall for xl. Mess. [Recipe follows.] c1500in Babees Bk. (1868) 376 Veneson in broth, viaunde Ryalle, veneson rosted.
▪ II. † viand2 Obs.—1
[ad. Du. vijand: see fiend.]
An enemy.
1616J. Lane Contn. Sqr.'s T. vii. 87 Arme, arme, the viand comes! |