| 释义 |
incrustation|ɪnkrʌˈsteɪʃən|
Also en-.
[ad. late L. incrustātiōn-em, n. of action from incrustāre to incrustate; cf. F. incrustation (16th c.).]
1. The action of encrusting; the formation of a crust, the fact or condition of being encrusted.
1656Blount Glossogr., Incrustation, a pargetting, rough⁓casting. 1658Phillips, Incrustation, a making or becomeing hard on the outside, like a crust, a rough-casting, or pargetting. 1764Harmer Observ. viii. iii. 97 The incrustation of their walls with the most exquisite marbles. 1769Croker Dict., Incrustation, in Surgery, the induction of a crust or Eschar upon any part. 1846Dana Zooph. (1848) 500 The branches formed by incrustation are sometimes six inches long. 1853Ruskin Stones Ven. II. iv. §24 The incrustation of brick with more precious materials. 1874Symonds Sk. Italy & Greece 251 Had the whole church been finished as it was designed, it would have presented one splendid though bizarre effect of incrustation. 1923Daily Mail 24 Jan. 6 The heavy encrustation of swollen buds on every twig.
2. An outer hard layer or crust of some fine or costly material placed over a rough or common substance, esp. a facing of marble or other precious stone on a building.
1644Evelyn Diary 7 Mar., A Chapell..all of jasper, with several incrustations of marble in the inside. Ibid. 17 Nov., The walls..are cover'd with antiq incrustations of history. 1726Leoni tr. Alberti's Archit. I. 33/2 Alabaster..cut with a Saw into large thin pieces, extremely convenient for Incrustations. 1838G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 338 An incrustation, consisting of small segments of white and black marble, gives these edifices a motley appearance. 1880C. E. Norton Church-build. Mid. Ages ii. 54 The whole surface..was to be covered with precious incrustations of mosaic or of marble.
†b. fig. An adventitious ornament. Obs.
1607Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. i. ii. 66 The old popishe ceremonies..are, as it were, an Incrustation both vnlawful and vnseemly. 1644J. Goodwin Innoc. Triumph. To Rdr. (1645) 3 What incrustations, and misrepresentations of opinions, sayings, practises, actions. 1740Warburton Div. Legat. iv. iv. Wks. 1811 IV. 181 Every age adorned it with additional superstitions; so that at length the old foundation became quite lost in these new incrustations.
3. A crust or hard coating formed naturally on the surface of an object; esp. a calcareous or crystalline concretion or deposit.
1671J. Webster Metallogr. xxxix. 359 We shall find an Incrustation upon the out-side of the moss and leaves. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 166 ⁋3 Like unpolished gems, of which none but the artist knows the intrinsick value, till their..incrustations are rubbed away. 1830Sir T. D. Lauder Floods Moray in 1829 (ed. 2) 234 Stalactitic incrustations, formed by the evaporation of water, holding calcareous matter in solution. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 202 This siliceous matter is deposited around the mouth of the hole as an incrustation.
b. fig. An accretion of habit, etc. compared to a hard crust formed over and around an object.
1806R. Fellowes tr. Milton's 2nd Defence 230 There are..many evil incrustations about your heart. 1833L. Ritchie Wand. by Loire 215 Her really warm heart..was frozen over by a thin incrustation of vanity. a1864J. D. Burns Mem. & Rem. (1879) 364 The pure simplicities of His Word..get overlaid with earthly incrustations. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 397 Hidden under the incrustations of sense and evil habit. 1920H. G. Wells Outl. Hist. 271/2 There was no effective prohibition of superstitious practices..and supplementary worships. At an early stage [of Buddhism] a process of encrustation began. 1957V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity in Afr. Soc. vi. 197 Each core..in a village may have a number of classificatory encrustations.
4. A hard dry formation on the surface of the body; a scab of eschar (cf. crust n. 3).
1656Blount Glossogr., Incrustation,..a crustiness, or thick scabbedness. 1800Med. Jrnl. IV. 2 A slight incrustation was formed on the vesicle. 1875H. Walton Dis. Eye 729 The incrustations which adhere to the cuticle. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 195 Such is the course of the ordinary small-pox papule through the several stages of macule, papule, vesicle, pustule, and incrustation. |