| 释义 |
▪ I. incubate, v.|ˈɪnkjuːbeɪt|
[f. L. incubāt- (more commonly incubit-: see incubiture), ppl. stem of incubā-re to lie on, to hatch, f. in- (in-2) + cubā-re to lie: see -ate3.]
1. a. trans. To sit upon (eggs) in order to hatch them; to hatch (eggs) by sitting upon them or by some equivalent process.
1721Bailey, To incubate, to brood or hover over, to lie or set upon as a Hen. 1730–6Ibid. (folio). Incubated, brooded or hovered over, as by a Bird on her Eggs or Nest. 1782A. Monro Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 61 They are incubated by the heat of the Sun. 1788Jenner in Phil. Trans. LXXVIII. 229 Respecting the Cuckoo: why..it should not build a nest, incubate its eggs? 1849–52Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 974/1 The egg..had been incubated six days. 1855Owen Comp. Anat. Vertebr. viii. (L.), Still fewer [fishes] nidificate and incubate their ova.
b. fig. To brood upon.
1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. iii. 179 Gods Spirit..must incubate, and brood both, to make them fruitfull.
2. a. intr. To sit upon eggs, to brood.
1755Johnson, To Incubate, v.n., to sit upon eggs. 1788Jenner in Phil. Trans. LXXVIII. 230 Many of the birds which incubate have stomachs analogous to those of Cuckoos. 1874E. Coues Birds N.W. 41 The one that is incubating flutters up with loud cries of distress.
b. fig. To brood.
1660tr. Amyraldus' Treat. conc. Relig. iii. viii. 476 The Spirit of God gently incubated on the World. a1847Macvey Napier in Sel. Corr. (1879) 508, I wrote this while incubating on my Bills in Edinburgh.
3. a. intr. Path. Of a disease: To pass through the process of incubation, q.v. 3. b. trans. Biol. To place in an incubator (for developing bacteria); to maintain at a constant degree of warmth that will favour growth or continued survival (e.g. of micro-organisms); more widely, to maintain under given conditions in a controlled or artificial environment.
1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 805 The tubes are capped, shaken and incubated for twenty-four hours. 1912Jrnl. Exper. Med. XVI. 171 One volume of a 5 per cent. suspension of erythrocytes in isotonic salt solution was mixed with two volumes of serum in capillary pipettes. The pipettes were incubated at 38°C for two hours and then put in an ice box for twenty-four hours. 1938[see incubation 5]. 1947Growth XI. 232 The ability to ferment galactose occurs exclusively in cells that have been grown on galactose, or have been incubated in a galactose solution for a few hours. 1948Biochem. Jrnl. XLIII. 538/2 The requisite amount of homogenate..is then added and incubated at 37° for 1 hr. 1962Harris & Gruber in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism Rel. Cataract 373 The second method of study has been that of incubating the lens under various conditions at 37°C for a period of time prior to analysis. 1969Clin. Sci. XXXVII. 99 The diffusion of glucose and potassium between erythrocytes and their medium was impaired when the red cells were packed by centrifugation and incubated for 48 hr without agitation. Ibid. 409 Rat liver slices were incubated in serum obtained from normal volunteers and from uraemic patients. 1970Sci. Jrnl. May 19/3 The inoculated samples were incubated for up to 27 days at various temperatures—0°, 5°, 10° and 20°C. 1970Biol. Abstr. LI. 11404/2 By incubating the seeds for 8 days at 15 C and then for 3 days at 25 C in a non-sterilized soil coming from a rice field..seed resistance to rotting may be estimated. 1971Nature 19 Nov. 154/1 Because uterine secretions are slightly alkaline, a copper strip was incubated for 18 h in pH 8 carbonate buffer.
Hence ˈincubated ppl. a., ˈincubating vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1730–6[see sense 1]. 1835–6Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 673/1 The vascular area of the incubated egg. 1878Masque Poets 216 By its own law..The incubated egg unfolded. 1890Daily News 21 Nov. 3/2 Dr. Koch's lymph..is prepared in an incubating stove within a space which is hermetically sealed and sterilized.
▪ II. incubate, n.|ˈɪnkjuːbeɪt|
[f. the vb. + -ate3, after filtrate, precipitate, etc.]
A preparation, or material, that has been incubated.
1959Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXXXI. 4109/2 Aldosterone was the most abundant steroid found in incubates of adrenals from the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. 1972Nature 22 Dec. 470/2 Biosynthesized 14C-labelled 11 KT was detectable in the control but not in the Cd-damaged tissue incubate. 1973Biochem. Jrnl. CXXXI. 406/2 The incubates were extracted with equal volumes of ethyl acetate. |