| 释义 |
▪ I. vicariate, n.|vaɪ-, vɪˈkɛərɪət|
Also 7 vicariot, 7–9 vicariat.
[ad. med.L. vicāriāt-us, f. L. vicāri-us vicar. Cf. OF. and F. vicariat, It., Sp., Pg. vicariato.]
1. The office or authority of a vicar in a religious or ecclesiastical sense:
a. Of persons acting as earthly representatives of God or Christ.
1610Donne Pseudo-martyr 247 [To make] Kings, which before had their Lieutenancie and Vicariate from God, but Magistrates..to his Vicar. 1614― Elegy to Ld. Harrington Poems (1669) 249 To deliver up to God that state Of which he gave thee the Vicariate. a1676Hale True Relig. ii. (1684) 28 Hold what you will, if you hold not the Supremacy and Vicariot of the Pope, all the rest of your Religion is not worth a rush. 1882–3Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 2456/1 Through St. Peter the vicariate was forever conferred on the bishop of Rome.
b. Of the deputy of a bishop, etc.
1611Sir D. Carleton Let. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 546 Upon y⊇ late remove of our patriarch's vicar there hath fallen vacant a benefice annexed to y⊇ vicariat. 1725tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th C. I. v. 110 Vigilius gave his Vicariate to this Arch-Bishop in the Provinces. a1773A. Butler Lives Saints (1845) XI. 103 St. Charles established a vicariat, that things might be done with deliberation and counsel, which many other bishops imitated.
c. Of a vicar in the Church of England. Also freq., the period of a vicar's ministry.
1857J. Jordan Paroch. Hist. Enstone iv. 191 The Rev. J. Beckingham was at some period of his vicariat ejected. 1887Pall Mall G. 24 Jan. 10/1 He..pointed to the record of his fifteen years' vicariate, during which he had taken none of the parish income.
2. A political office held by a person as deputy for another; deputed exercise of authority by a person or governing body.
1619F. Cottington Let. in Eng. & Germ. (Camden) 33 If he should chance to fayle, the vicariate of Upper Germany must neades fall upon the Palatin. 1711Lond. Gaz. No. 4844/2 He has accepted and taken upon him..his part of the Vicariate of the Empire during the present Vacancy. 1769Robertson Chas. V, ii. Wks. 1813 V. 249 The vicariat of that part of Germany which is governed by the Saxon laws, devolved to the elector of Saxony. 1844Disraeli Coningsby v. viii. 220 An educated nation recoils from the imperfect vicariate of what is called a representative government. 1898Dill Rom. Soc. Last Cent. Western Empire 16 Flavianus received the vicariate of Africa.
attrib.1762tr. Busching's Syst. Geog. IV. 38 They may hold vicariate aulic courts.
3. a. A district under the rule of a deputy governor.
1755Smollett Quix. (1803) IV. 204 Donna Guiomar de Quinones, wife to the regent of the vicariate of Naples. 1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 404/2 The provinces which constituted, under the Christian emperors, successors of Constantine, the vicariate of Rome. [Ibid., These provinces were under the lay jurisdiction of an imperial vicar.]
b. R.C. Ch. A district under the charge of a vicar apostolic; the see of a vicar apostolic.
1818Hallam Mid. Ages (1819) II. 226 By the constitution of the church..every province ought to have its metropolitan, and every vicariate its ecclesiastical exarch or primate. 1857G. Oliver Coll. Hist. Cath. Relig. Cornwall, etc. 425 This western vicariat becoming vacant by the death of Bishop Baggs. 1890T. Cooper in Dict. Nat. Biog. XXI. 374/1 He was selected by the propaganda to preside as bishop over the vicariate of the West Indies.
c. A church ministered to by a vicar.
1762tr. Busching's Syst. Geog. IV. 335 In it is one collegiate and seven other churches, which are vicariates to the former.
4. Vicariousness. rare—1.
1877A. Cave Script. Doctr. Sacr. i. i. ii. 52 They knew that the lives of innocent..animals were taken in lieu of their own..; what did they regard as the reason of this singular vicariate?
Hence viˈcariateship. rare—1.
1753Scots Mag. XV. 27/1 There is a dispute..between the Elector Palatine, and the Elector of Bavaria, about one of these Vicariatships.
▪ II. viˈcariate, a. rare.
Also 7 vicariat.
[f. L. vicāri-us + -ate2, or attrib. use of prec.]
Pertaining to, characteristic of, a deputy or representative; delegated.
1619Naunton in Eng. & Germ. (Camden) 33 Such strength and forces as may..enable him to maintaine the vicariat dignitie when it shall fall uppon him. a1677Barrow Pope's Suprem. vi. Wks. 1687 l. 261 We thought it convenient that you should be held up by the vicariat authority of our See. 1849Rock Ch. of Fathers II. vi. 137 To the Bishops of Arles had the Holy See deputed a vicariate power there.
▪ III. viˈcariate, v. rare.
[f. vicariate n.]
intr. To act as a deputy or substitute.
1827Carlyle Germ. Rom. III. 139 Her he edified by his Literary History, as relating to himself and the Subrector; how, for instance, he was at present vicariating in the Second Form [etc.]. |