| 释义 |
vice-, prefix|vaɪs|
representing L. vice in place of: see prec. Originally this governed a following word in the genitive, but in late L. the tendency to use the phrase as a compound noun appears in vicequæstor (equivalent to prōquæstor of analogous origin). In med.L. such formations became common, as vicecomes, -consul, -decanus, -dominus, -princeps, -rector, -rex, etc. From the 13th cent. onwards a number of these appear in OF., at first usually with the prefix in the form of vis-, vi-, but latterly assimilated as a rule to the Latin original. Similar compounds with vice- are also employed in It., Sp., and Pg. The older examples in English, having been taken immediately from French, also present the prefix in the reduced forms vis- (vys, viz-) and vi- (vy-), subsequently replaced by vice- (also in early use vize-) except in viscount. The more important compounds are given below as main words; the following are illustrations of less usual or more recent terms. a. With personal designations, especially titles of office, indicating that the person so called acts temporarily or regularly in place of, in the absence of, or as assistant to, another who properly holds the office or bears the title or name, as vice-abbot, vice-agent, vice-Apollo, vice-apostle, vice-architect, etc. Also occas. transf., as vice-nature.
In the dictionaries of Florio and Miége many examples of similar forms are employed to render the Italian and French equivalents, e.g. vice-captain, vice-cardinal, vice-censor, vice-commissary, etc.
a1661Fuller Worthies ii. (1662) 50 Gregory of Huntington..was bred a Benedictine Monke in Ramsey, where he became Prior, or *Vice-Abbot.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xli. §1 A vassal whom Satan hath made his *Vice-agent.
1648Crashaw Poems (1904) 138 Him the Muses love to follow, Him they call their *vice-Apollo.
1641‘Smectymnuus’ Vind. Answ. xiii. 114 They were Comites, and Vicarii Apostolorum, *Vice-Apostles.
1779Phil. Trans. LXIX. 598 M. Forfait.., *vice-architect of the French navy.
1690Lond. Gaz. No. 2617/2 The Troops there under the Command of the Ban and *Vice-Ban, were obliged by the bad weather to separate.
1686Ibid. No. 2201/2 He who formerly commanded that Garison was *Vice-Bassa.
1778Stiles Diary (1901) II. 288 The Diploma Examinatorium..was delivered to the President, who gave it to the *Vice Bedellus, directing him to read it.
1671F. Philipps Reg. Necess. 433 The Baron of Limpurgh *Vice-Butler to the King of Bohemia.
1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa i. 10 Hauing first put to flight the *vice-Califa of Aegypt.
1860All Year Round No. 46. 475 The unmanageable 'Arry, who was a species of *vice-chair, and was also provided with a hammer. 1882J. Hardy in Proc. Ber. Nat. Club. IX. 440 Mr. Charles Watson..discharged the duties of the vice⁓chair.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Vice-chairman, a person who presides at the lower end of a table, supporting and aiding the chairman or president; the deputy-chairman of a board of officers.
1943W. S. Churchill End of Beginning 69 The Chiefs of Staff Committee are assisted by a *Vice-Chiefs of Staff Committee. 1978R. V. Jones Most Secret War xlv. 458 The Vice-Chiefs of Staff..advised that the threat was over.
1659Baxter Key Cath. xlii. 300 Prove that Christ hath commissioned a *Vice-Christ. 1691― Nat. Churches x. 42 Being an Usurpation of Christ's Office, and making a Vice-Christ, which is an Antichrist. 1712[see vice-god].
1497in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. I. 58 It is thought expedient that the Popes Holynesse comaund the said aide..to be publisshed by his *vicecollectour.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Vice-commodore, a deputy commander of a naval squadron.
1631Weever Anc. Funeral Mon. 541 Edward the third..did substitute Edward Bohun, the Earles younger brother, *Vice-Constable vnder him. 1878J. Gairdner Hist. Rich. III, iv. 175 Sir Ralph Ashton was..appointed Vice-Constable..to exercise all the powers of the Lord High Constable for the particular emergency.
1566tr. Beza's Admon. Parlt. D j, Cathedrall churches,..where master Deane, master *Vicedeane,..readers, vergerirs, &c. liue in great idlenesse. 1637Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. iii. viii. 161 Deanes, Vice-Deans,..Subdeacons. 1697Lond. Gaz. No. 3341/1 The Vice-Dean with the Clergy, made a Congratulatory Speech. 1875W. H. Jones Fasti Eccl. Sarisb. 265 There is always a distinction to be observed between a ‘Vice-Dean’ or a ‘Locum Tenens’, and the ‘Sub-Dean’.
1647R. Stapylton Juvenal 153 He made choice of his..master or generall of the horse, or *vice-dictatour.
1882Macm. Mag. XLVI. 249 A *vice⁓director of the military college.
1976National Observer (U.S.) 12 June 22/2 A fellow with the title of *vice editor.
1818Shelley Eug. Hills 244 But Death promised..That he would petition for Her to be made *Vice-Emperor.
1844Thirlwall Greece VIII. lxvi. 451 Before Diæus came to Corinth, a council was held there by the *vice-general Sosicrates.
1711Hickes Two Treat. Chr. Priesth. (1847) II. 188 Would he not have been a *vice-high-priest as well as a viceroy?
1749Fielding Tom Jones xi. x, As the law hath foolishly omitted this office of *vice-husband, or guardian to an eloped lady. 1817Byron Beppo xxix, And so she thought it prudent to connect her With a vice-husband, chiefly to protect her.
1609J. Davies Hum. Heaven ii. cvi, My *vice Ioues quoth he are ne'r afraid.
1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 112 Lupus Olanus the conductor of one of the shippes of Nicuesa, and nowe also *vice Leauetenaunt in his steede. 1963Times 4 June 13/5 His native county of Lincolnshire, of which he was Vice-Lieutenant for many years.
1690Lond. Gaz. No. 2527/3 And after them Count Popenheim, *Vice-Marshal of the Empire, carried the Sword of State naked before the Emperor.
1593G. Harvey Pierce's Super. Wks. (Grosart) II. 212 He hath not played the *Vicemaster of Poules, and the Foolemaster of the Theater for naughtes. 1618Barnevelt's Apol. G j, The Vice-maisters place of the fees hath not allowed one halfe penny for stipend. 1690C. Nesse O. & N. Test. I. 370 Potiphar..made him his vice⁓master. 1886Abp. Benson in A. C. Benson Life (1899) II. 122, I sate..next to the Vice-Master.
1909E. M. Satow in Cambr. Mod. Hist. XI. xxviii. 865 Ōki of Hizen, and Itō, Inouyé and Yamagata of Chōshiu were retained as *vice-Ministers. 1976Eastern Daily Press (Norwich) 19 Nov. 1/5 The agreement was signed by Iran's vice-minister of war.
a1631Donne Love's Deity i, Since this god produc'd a Destiny, And that *vice⁓nature, custome, lets it bee.
1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4395/2 Advices from Hungary say, That Prince Ragotzki had declared Count Berezini *Vice-Palatine of that Kingdom.
1775L. Shaw Hist. Moray 357 Fraser of Strichen, who, as *Vice-Patron, presented Mr. John Anand in 1640. 1793[see vice n.6 2].
1643Prynne Popish R. Favourite 69 And therefore the Popes Holinesse hath given these his *Vice-popes instructions, Commissions thus to do.
1705Hickeringill Priest-cr. i. (1721) 54 As the Pope keeps the Keys, they say, of Heaven Gates, being *Vice-porter under St. Peter.
1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. (1787) II. 37 The eleven remaining dioceses..were governed by twelve vicars, or *vice-præfects, whose name..explains the nature..of their office. 1877J. Morris Troub. Cath. Forefathers Ser. iii. 116 During this time he was Socius to Father Henry Garret, Vice-Prefect of the English Mission.
1600Holland Livy xxvi. i. 582 Those legions which were commaunded by P. Cornelius the *Viz-pretour in Sicilie.
1802–12Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) V. 161 The celebration of the ceremony..proved by the habitual operator, the *vice-priest, a tobacconist.
1810Oxford Univ. Cal. 129 Edmund Hall... Principal, George Thompson, D.D... *Vice-Principal, Daniel Wilson, M.A. 1864J. H. Newman Apol. i. (1904) 7/2, I became very intimate with him [Whately] in 1825, when I was his Vice-Principal at St. Alban Hall.
1857G. Oliver Coll. Hist. Cath. Relig. Cornwall, etc. 486 Adeodatus l'Angevin, elected *vice-prior at the fourth general chapter.
1602Archpriest Controv. (Camden) II. 2 To present ourselves first to the Protector and *Vice-protector.
c1890Stevenson In South Seas i. xiv. (1900) 122 The sergeant of gendarmerie enjoys the style of the *vice⁓resident.
1878Stubbs Const. Hist. xx. III. 421 The undue return made by the *vice-sheriff, who had substituted another name.
1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4015/2 Baron Taston is made *Vice-Stadholder, and as such will preside over the Regency at Amberg. 1710Ibid. No. 4664/2 Lieutenant-General Weebe, Vice-Stadtholder of Norway, is lately dead.
1835App. Munic. Corp. Rep. iv. 2345 (Lincoln), A Deputy Recorder, *Vice Steward, Gaol Chaplain [etc.].
189419th Cent. XXXVI. 425 The *vice-sultan of Haura received us right well.
1631R. Brathwait Whimzies, Zealous Brother 119 Hee was once in election to have been a *vice-verger in Amsterdam, but he wanted an audible voice.
1848Curzon Monast. Levant i. iii. (1897) 22 The great man, who was *vice-viceroy on this occasion.
b. With nouns or adjs. derived from personal designations, as vice-apostolical, vice-cancellarian, vice-deity, vice-duchy, etc., or associated in some way with the holding of office, as vice-chair, vice-government, vice-throne.
This type is represented in late L. vice-quæstura, med.L. vice-comitalis, -comitatus, -dominium, etc., and occurs freely in French and the other Romanic languages.
1641‘Smectymnuus’ Vind. Answ. xiii. 119 He bids him goe on with speed to execute his *Vice-Apostolicall office.
1843Whewell in Life (1881) 285 Much too should I like to see you in your *Vice-Cancellarian chair.
1839Dickens Nickelby xlviii. 475 A farewell-supper..at which Mr. Snittle Timberry would preside, while the honours of the *vice chair would be sustained by the African [Sword-]Swallower. 1850Thackeray Pendennis lxxvi, The chair was taken by Sir Francis Clavering,..the vice-chair being ably filled by ― Barker, Esq. 1884Cyclists' Tour. Club Gaz. Mar. 82/1 Messrs. W. B. Tanner and A. R. Sheppee occupied the vice-chairs.
1826Southey Vind. Eccl. Angl. 394 You have to reconcile the pretensions of the Popes with their practices,..their *vice-deity with their crimes.
1611Florio, Vicedominanza, a *vice-gouernment. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. IV. xxxvi. 113 The offer of a baronetcy and the vice-government of Virginia.
1856Merivale Hist. Rom. Emp. l. (1865) VI. 188 In the mean time he was deputed to hold pro⁓consular, or *vice-imperial, power beyond the city. 1880Swinburne Stud. Shaks. 240 His poor little vice-regal or vice-imperial parasite.
a1617Bayne On Coloss. i. & ii. (1634) 97 We must not supply Him with *vice-ministeriall heads.
1574Life 70th Abp. Canterb. Pref. C vij, The same Austen hauinge thus gotten by conquest this uniuersall *vicepapaci ouer England.
1775L. Shaw Hist. Moray 343 How far the King may claim a *Vice-Patronage, I shall not determine.
1677Miége Fr. Dict. i, Vice⁓rectorat, a *Vice-principalship. 1870Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Apr. 211 Fortunate enough to obtain the vice-principalship of the college.
1868Daily News 23 Oct., The *Vice-Provostship of Eton College.
c1890Stevenson In South Seas i. xiv. (1900) 125 He was being haled to the *vice-residency, uncertain whether to be punished or rewarded.
1884A. Forbes Chinese Gordon iii. 114 A royal salute was fired, and then Gordon had to make his speech from the *vice-throne.
c. With verbs, as vice-preside (after vice-president), vice-reign (after viceroy).
1889Sat. Rev. 1 June 653/2 If it were not for the Civil Service, the Viceroy simply could not vice-reign. 1889G. B. Shaw London Music in 1888–89 (1937) 94 You are patronized by the Lord Mayor, presided over by the Duke of Westminster, and vice-presided over and councilled by nearly five dozen illustrious persons. |