| 释义 |
▪ I. indent, v.1|ɪnˈdɛnt|
Also 5–6 endent.
[ad. F. endenter (Ph. de Thaun, 12th c.) ‘to snip, notch, iag on the edges’ (Cotgr.), L. type *indentā-re (med.L. and It. indentare), f. in- (in-2) + *dentā-re to furnish with teeth, f. dens, dent-em tooth; cf. dentātus dentate.]
I. In general sense.
1. trans. To make a tooth-like incision or incisions in the edge or border of; to notch or jag; now, chiefly, to give a zigzag or strongly seriate outline to.
c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. cxlviii. (1869) 135 She..fyled myn yren and endented it. c1440Ipomydon 1641 A barbor he callyd,..And shove hym bothe byhynd and before, Queyntly endentyd, oute and in. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §23 Take hede that thy mower mow clene and holde downe the hynder hand of his sith, that he do not endent the grasse. 1866Tate Brit. Mollusks iv. 120 The jaw..is marked with five longitudinal ribs which indent the edges of the plate.
b. To form a deep recess or recesses in (a coast-line, etc.); to penetrate deeply. Also transf.
1555Eden Decades iii. ix. 138 It is eaten and indented with two goulfes. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. i. 5 Those armes of sea..By their meandred creeks indenting of that land. 1773Johnson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 21 Sept. ⁋17 It is an island..so much indented by inlets of the sea that there is no part of it removed from the water more than six miles. 1777Cook 2nd Voy. iii. xii. (R.), The coast..seemed to be indented into creeks and projecting points. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. iv, Each part [of the book] overlaps, and indents, and indeed runs quite through the other. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xviii. IV. 191 Lochleven, an arm of the sea which deeply indents the western coast of Scotland.
c. intr. To recede or form a recess.
1784J. Barry in Lect. Paint. iii. (1848) 145 The forms are angular, as well where they indent or fall in as where they swell out. 1856Grote Greece ii. App. XII. 667 At the spot here mentioned, the gulf indents eastward.
II. To indent a document, and senses thence arising.
2. trans. To sever the two halves of a document, drawn up in duplicate, by a toothed, zigzag, or wavy line, so that the two parts exactly tally with each other; to cut the top or edge of two or more copies of a legal document in such an exactly corresponding shape; hence, to draw up (a document) in two or more exactly corresponding copies.
This was done in the case of a deed, covenant, agreement, etc. in which two or more parties had an interest, so that one copy was retained by each party; the genuineness of these could be subsequently proved by the coincidence of their indented margins. See indenture n. 2.
1385[see indented ppl. a.1 3]. 1413Exam. Oldcastle in Arb. Garner VI. 133 His Belief, which was indented and taken to the Clergy, and set up in diuers open places. 1473J. Warkworth Chron. 10 Alle this poyntment aforeseide were wrytene, indentyde, and sealede. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 85 All thynges..that thou hast promysed to god, & be conteyned in thyne obligacyon, endented bytwene god & thy soule. 1557Order Hospitalls D vj b, An Inventorie..shall be Indented, th' one part thereof to remaine in your custodie, and the other in the custodie of the persons charged. 1622Callis Stat. Sewers (1647) 232 All other Laws and Ordinances of Sewers..which be but in parchment, and not Indented, or which be indented also, if not sealed, continue in force no longer then that Commission continueth by the power whereof they were made. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia vi. 229 Contracted with me by articles indented vnder our hands. 1735Col. Rec. Pennsylv. III. 601 Articles of Agreement Indented Made, Concluded and Agreed upon at Philadelphia. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. xx. 295 If a deed be made by more parties than one, there ought to be regularly as many copies of it as there are parties, and each should be cut or indented (formerly in acute angles instar dentium, but at present in a waving line) on the top or side, to tally or correspond with the other; which deed, so made, is called an indenture. 1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 103 When a deed begins This Indenture, it must actually be indented, that is, must be cut or scalloped at the top, otherwise it will be a Deed-poll. [This is no longer so: cf. quot. 1845 in indenture n. 2.]
†3. intr. To enter into an engagement by indentures; hence, to make a formal or express agreement; to covenant (with a person for a thing); to engage. Also fig. Obs.
1489W. Paston in P. Lett. No. 908 III. 351 My Lorde of Northethombyrland..hath endentyd with the Kynge for the kepynge owt of the Schottys and warrynge on them. 1541Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 22 The said maister of the wardes and liueries..shall haue power..to couenaunt and indent with euery person..for his..liuerie. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iii. 301 Many..do nothing but indent with God vpon a certaine condicion, and binde him to the lawes of their couenanting. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. iii. 367 At last she indents downright with the devil. He is to find her some toies for a time, and to have her soul in exchange. 1655― Ch. Hist. ii. iv. §23 Thus would I have Ecclesiasticall and civil Historians indent about the Bounds, and Limits of their Subjects. 1700J. Brome Trav. Eng. Scot. iii. (1707) 176 The Servants..do usually indent with their Masters, when they hire them. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. I. 139 The Persons baptized by John, did also undertake some new conditions, and indent in some Privileges. a1734North Exam. iii. viii. §38 (1740) 612 Courage did not serve them to refuse delivering over the Goals by Indenture to North and Rich, as the Way is; nor to indent with their own Anti-Sherriffs. 1759Goldsm. Polite Learn. xi. Wks. (1854) II. 50, I fire with indignation when I see persons wholly destitute of education and genius indent to the press, and thus turn book-makers.
†b. with subord. clause or inf. expressing purpose.
1462Paston Lett. No. 453. II. 104 He hathe endented with the owners of the schip what daye it schulbe redy. 1480Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 9, I, Iohn lord Howard, endented with the King my sovrain Lord to do him servisse opon the see. 1585Abp. Sandys Serm. xiv. §26 (Parker Soc.) 276 He indented not what reward he should have. 1643S. Marshall Letter 7 Suppose a free man indents with another to be his servant in some ingenious employment. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 366 [She] indented with her husband that her heritable issue should assume her surname. 1715Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. ii. iii, Till this time towmond I'se indent Our claiths of dirt will sa'r.
†4. trans.
a. To contract for, bind oneself to, or promise, by or as by making indentures; to covenant, stipulate, agree about, promise. Obs.
a1555Bradford Hurt Hearing Mass Wks. (Parker Soc.) 318 We should take it no less than idolatry or image-service, whatsoever thing is indented by man, saint, or angel, and not by him, concerning his worship and service. 1600Holland Livy vii. xli. 279 He would not indent ought for his owne securitie. 1607Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. i. ii. 72 Euen as Paul indented an imitation of Iewish rites when he shaued his head at Cenchrea. 1631R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature x. §i. 74 They indent golden Mountaines, but pay chirping Myce.
†b. To engage (a person) as a servant, etc. by or as by indentures; = indenture v. 2. Obs.
1758[see indented ppl. a.1 4]. 1787Burns Let. to Moore 2 Aug., I was thinking of indenting myself, for want of money to procure my passage. 1804J. Grahame Sabbath (1839) 17/2 To indent one's person for life, is a tremendous engagement.
5. intr. To make out a written order with a duplicate or counterfoil; hence, to make a requisition on or upon a person for a thing. (Orig. an Anglo-Indian use.) In later usage also to draw upon (a source of supply). Cf. indent n.1 4.
1829Bengalee 136 Could it prove of any service..to offer part of the accommodation for his stores? but at all events, he might indent freely on hers, on their arrival. 1837Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1880) I. 469, I have indented largely, to use our Indian official term,) for the requisite books. 1851F. Hall in Benares Mag. VI. 719 note, Shefta's work..is indented upon, by the Maulawi, without stint and without acknowledgement. 1859Lang Wand. India 277 Other magistrates had been indented upon (as magistrates very frequently were, when ladies were nervous and travelling with only an ayah). 1882Sala in Illustr. Lond. News 30 Sept. 343 The medical officers are unable to ‘indent’ on the commissariat or ordnance stores for newspapers. 1888Pall Mall G. 9 Mar. 14/1 [quoting Indian paper] The salt tax has at last been indented upon for covering the deficit in our Budget.
6. trans. Comm. To order by an indent: to order a supply of (a commodity). Cf. indent n.1 5.
1897Westm. Gaz. 2 Mar. 10/1 On what principle do you work in indenting books from England? 1899Ibid. 27 Feb. 2/2 A short time ago Mr. Kinder indented 20,000 tons of Welsh coal.
III. In other literal and technical senses.
7. trans. To make an incision in (a board, etc.), for the purpose of mortising or dovetailing; to join or joint together by this method.
(Although the evidence for the sense is late, it appears very early in indenting vbl. n.1 2 and indenture n. 1 b.)
1741A. Monro Anat. Bones (ed. 3) 71 Each of these bony Pieces is indented into the larger Bones. 1805–17R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 154 The ranges are indented into each other. 1811Self Instructor 135 In wainscoting, the dimensions are taken..indenting the string where the plane goes. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 588 Boards can be connected together at any given angle..by indenting them together. 1844H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. 65 He put together a piece of joinery, so crossly indented and whimsically dove-tailed. 1876Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Indented, toothed together, that is, with a projection fitted to a recess.
b. indent in, to mortise in, joint in with art: in quot. fig.
1639Drummond of Hawthornden Char. Anagram Wks. (1711) 231 An anagram..fitly cometh in mostly in the conclusion, but so that it appeareth not indented in, but of it self naturally.
8. Printing. To set back (from the margin of the column of writing or type) the beginning of (one or more lines), as a means of marking a new paragraph, of exhibiting verse, etc.; to begin (a line or a succession of lines) with a blank space.
1676Moxon Print Lett. 11 You must indent your Line four Spaces at least. 1791Boswell Johnson May an. 1748 Indenting the notes into text. 1824J. Johnson Typogr. II. vi. 137 Authors should always make the beginning of a new paragraph conspicuous to the compositor, by indenting the first line of it far enough.
absol.1884Southward Pract. Print. (ed. 2) 87 To set out a paragraph in this style, the compositor would be told to ‘run out and indent’.
†9. intr. To move in a zigzag or indented line; to turn or bend from side to side in one's course; to double. Obs.
1565Golding Ovid's Met. vii. (1593) 177 But doubling and indenting still avoids his enimies lips. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 704 Then shalt thou see the dew-bedabbled wretch Turn, and return, indenting with the way. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 176 It windeth or indenteth like a Serpents figure. 1643Milton Divorce ii. xiv, To limit and levell out the direct way from vice to vertue..not winding or indenting so much as to the right hand of fair pretences.
†b. trans. to indent the way: in same sense.
1612W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 57 To see light-headed drunkennesse indent the way from side to side. 1622J. Taylor (Water P.) Water Cormor. Wks. (1630) iii. 5/1 From side to side he staggered as he went, As if he reeling did the way indent.
▪ II. indent, v.2|ɪnˈdɛnt|
Also 4–5 (inf. and pa. pple.) endent(e.
[f. in-2 + dent v.
Although this is, at least in its radical part, etymologically distinct from indent v.1, the two are in actual use (and perh. have always been) consciously regarded not as distinct words, but only as senses or uses of the same word, the difference between them in their primary signification being much less than that between actual senses of indent v.1. This blending is even more apparent in the derivatives, such as indentation, indenture, which owe their form entirely to the Romanic indent v.1, but have senses derived from both verbs.]
I.
†1. trans. To inlay, set, emboss; = dent v. 3.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 1011 Þe topasye twynne how þe nente endent. a1400Morte Arth. 3298 His dyademe was droppede downe, dubbyde with stonys, Endente alle with diamawndis. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxiii. 106 Þe greece..es all of precious stanes, endentid with gold. c1435Torr. Portugal 227 Towrres Endentyd with presyos stonys, Schynyng ase crystall clere. c1475Sqr. lowe Degre 788 Your sensours shall be of golde, Endent with asure many a folde. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems 129 A Glasse Indent'd with Gems. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 368 The Marble..in which he imagin'd precious Stones were indented. Ibid. 371 Small Streaks and Pieces of other Metal..are nicely indented and interspersed on the Statue.
fig.13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 628 Anon þe day with derk endente, Þe myȝt of deth dotz to enclyne.
II.
2. trans. To form as a dint, dent, or depression; to strike or force inwards so as to form a dent or hollow; to impress.
c1400Beryn 1851 Thus Iangelyng to ech othir, endenting euery pase, They entrid both in-to the hall. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 83 A huge Dragon..divided the earth, as he went seeking to hide... Thus did he indent a passsage for this River. 1641Rhode Island Colon. Rec. (1856) I. 115 A Manual Seale shall be provided for the State..in the Liess or Bond, this motto indented: Amor vincet omnia. 1693Dryden Juvenal vi. (1697) 123 Deep Scars were seen indented on his Breast. 1725Pope Odyss. xix. 267 Deep in the neck his fangs indent their hold. 1769Chron. in Ann. Reg. 160/2 Having his name indented only on a tin plate and not painted on his cart. 1851J. D. Maclaren in Mem. (1861) 213 [These] leave their footsteps deeply indented. 1877L. Jewitt Half-ho. Eng. Antiq. 83 Lines produced by indenting a twisted thong into the soft clay.
fig.1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 31 Among all the Lessons which Nature hath taught, this is the deepliest indented. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. iv. §17 The Danish Garrisons lay so indented in the Heart of the Land. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 422 Properties..which if not peculiar to the plague are indented upon it far more strikingly, than upon any other disease.
3. To make a dint or dints in the surface of (a thing) with or as with a blow; to mark with a surface hollow, or depression; to dint or dent.
c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. cv. v, Ioseph..Whose feete..fretting irons did indent. 1653J. Hall Paradoxes 114 A countenance Savage with bristles or indented with scars. 1725Pope Odyss. xix. 37 Shields indented deep in glorious wars. 1736S. Wesley Battle of Sexes 154 Furrows deep indent his batter'd arms. 1824Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. 1846 I. 184/1 Although the sabre does not penetrate the metal, it indents it so deeply as to produce the same effect. 1837Dickens Pickw. xvi, Mr. Pickwick..indenting his pillow with a tremendous blow.
fig.1798–9Lamb Corr. (1870) 107 Many a little thing which..seemed scarce to indent my notice now presses painfully on my remembrance.
4. intr. To receive or take an indentation; to become indented or furrowed.
1653A. Wilson Jas. I 161 His countenance had indented with Age before he was old. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 55 The oyster..breeds a large shell, and the shell itself indents to receive its impression.
▪ III. indent, n.1|ɪnˈdɛnt, ˈɪndɛnt|
[f. indent v.1]
I.
1. An incision in the edge of a thing; a deep recess, strictly of angular form; an indentation.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. i. 104 It [the Trent] shall not winde with such a deepe indent, To rob me of so rich a Bottome here. 1627Speed England xviii. §2 The whole in Circumference, traced by the compasse of her many indents, one hundred twentie and eight miles. 1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 268 A cut, or an indent into the coral rocks, about a hundred foot broad. 1807J. Johnson Oriental Voy. 40 Simmon's Bay, a cove or indent on the western shore. 1867Ouida Idalia xxix, The cliff..rose aloft, curving inward and shaping one of the many indents of the irregular southern coast.
2. Printing. The blank space or set-in at the commencement of a paragraph: = indention 2.
1884in Cassell's Encycl. Dict.
II.
3. = indenture n. 2: in various senses.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xxiv. (Arb.) 299 In negotiating with princes we ought to seeke their fauour..and not..to trafficke with them by way of indent or condition. a1605R. Bannatyne Jrnl. (1806) 346 To mak it as it were a contract, to be subscryvit be both the parteis; or rather everie partie to subscryve thair awin part of the indent. 1710New Hampsh. Provinc. Papers (1868) II. 623 You will call them over by the Indent of the Engineer left when he received them. 1724S. Sewall Diary 1 Feb. (1882) III. 330 The Coroner shewed me the Indent of the Jury. 1820in P. Warung Tales Old Regime (1897) 167 The indent having been examined, this certifies seven years have elapsed since sentence of Transportation..was passed. 1897Ibid. 146 Make a note, Mr. Comptroller, to ascertain how it is that the ship's indent was so imperfect.
b. A certificate of a money claim or the like; spec. an indented certificate issued by the U.S. Government, or by a state government, at the end of the War of Independence, for the principal or interest due on the public debt. Obs. exc. Hist.
1788M. Cutler in Life, Jrnls. & Corr. (1888) I. 381 Adventurers who have paid for shares are exceedingly pressing for the Indents, which are to be returned to them. 1798Bay Amer. Law Rep. (1809) I. 121 An indented certificate (of loan) commonly called a general indent of the State of South Carolina. 1809J. Marshall Const. Opin. (1839) 124 The indents issued upon them [state bonds] for interest, were drawn by David Rittenhouse.
4. An official requisition for stores. (Originally by a convenanted servant of the E. Ind. Company.)
1799Wellington Let. to Lieut. Col. Harness in Gurw. Desp. (1837) I. 46, I have desired the commissary of supply to be prepared at Bangalore to answer your indents for every thing that you will want. 1803― Let. to Sec. Gov. 18 Apr., Specifying in the indent the contents of the loads. Ibid., I shall countersign these indents. 1871Daily News 21 Sept., Any regimental quartermaster, through the simple medium of an indent, can in any emergency obtain a supply of provisions out of this. 1892Pall Mall G. 15 Nov. 2/1 Indents were made on the Medical Department for quantities which soon nearly exhausted the stores at its command.
5. Comm. An order for goods, esp. one sent to England from abroad.
1800Asiat. Ann. Reg., Proc. Parl. 27/1 From the ready sale, the governments abroad were induced to add considerably to their indents. 1879Commercial Let., We enclose an indent of stationery. 1883Manch. Exam. 30 Nov. 4/5 The sudden fall in sterling exchange has checked dealers in sending home indents to any extent. 1891Times 9 Oct. 9/3 Indents come home at rather better figures owing to supplies abroad being light.
▪ IV. indent, n.2|ˈɪndɛnt|
[f. indent v.2]
A dint or depression in the surface of anything, made by a knock or blow; an indentation; hence, any depression, hollow, or furrow in a surface.
1690Leybourn Curs. Math. 454 b, If a Spherical Body had..here and there some irregular indents made in it. 1781Thompson in Phil. Trans. LXXI. 254 Its surface was full of small indents. 1868Daily Tel. 3 July, This shot made an indent of 4·5 inches, and drove the 12 by 5-inch supports out between two and three inches. 1876Humphreys Coin-Coll. Man. ii. 11 On the other [side of the coin] merely the indent formed by the punch used to drive the metal into the die. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 356 A superficial unevenness in the shape of scattered indents or depressions.
fig.1874Helps Soc. Press. vi. (1875) 77 Character..has deeper indents in it than are made by any of the adventitious circumstances that you have adduced. |