| 释义 |
individuation|ɪndɪˌvɪdjuːˈeɪʃən|
[ad. med.L. indīviduātiōn-em, n. of action f. indīviduā-re: see individuate v.]
1. a. The action or process of individuating or rendering individual; that of distinguishing as an individual. spec. in Scholastic Philosophy, The process leading to individual existence, as distinct from that of the species.
principle of individuation (= med.L. principium individuationis): the principle through which the individual is constituted or comes into being. In Scholastic Philosophy this was variously held to be Form (by most Realists); Matter (by the Nominalists); and Matter as limited in the individual (by Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas).
1628T. Spencer Logick 43 The matter is the principium of individuation, saith Thomas..And againe, the essence is restrained vnto one individuall thing by the matter. a1638Twisse in Mede's Wks. (1672) iv. lxxiv. 855 Natural actions require Time and Place for the performance of them, the unity whereof together with the unity of the subject necessarily concur to the individuation of them, if I remember aright my old Philosophy. a1640Jackson Creed x. xii. §3 The root of individuation or distinction of one particular person from another was wholly from the matter, not from the form. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 506 Agreeable to the sense of several considerable Philosophers and School-men..who contend that Individuation is from the Form onely, and that the Matter and Suppositum is individuated from it. 1704Swift T. Tub ix, Effects of so vast a difference..as to be the sole point of individuation between Alexander the Great, Jack of Leyden, and Monsieur Des Cartes. 1729Butler Serm. Hum. Nat. iii. Wks. 1874 II. 31 note, The inward frame of man considered as a system or constitution: whose several parts are united, not by a physical principle of individuation, but by the respects they have to each other. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. vii. §11 None but those who had nicely examined, and cou'd themselves explain, the Principle of Individuation in Man, or untie the Knots and answer the Objections, which may be raised even about Humane Personal Identity. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. 175 Essence, in its primary signification, means the principle of individuation, the inmost principle of the possibility of any thing, as that particular thing. 1855H. Spencer Induct. Biol. iii. iii. 353 (L.) Schelling defines life as the tendency to individuation. 1869Farrar Fam. Speech iii. 92 He never got to the idealisation, or even the individuation, of words.
b. Psychol. In the analytical psychology of Jung, the process by which consciousness and the collective unconscious of the psyche are integrated and wholeness of the individual self is established; also attrib., as individuation process.
1909W. A. Haussmann tr. Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy 121 Apollo stands before me as the transfiguring genius of the principium individuationis through which alone the redemption in appearance is to be truly attained, while by the mystical cheer of Dionysius the spell of the individuation is broken, and the way lies open to the Mothers of Being. 1923H. G. Baynes tr. Jung's Psychol. Types xi. 561 Individuation, therefore, is a process of differentiation, having for its goal the development of the individual personality. 1948G. Adler Stud. Analytical Psychol. i. 3 The process of psychic growth and maturation, that is the process of integration and individuation, presents the individual with widely different situations and tasks according to the particular point he has reached in life. 1955I. Fletcher in J. Wain Interpretations 156 In its detail, the poem resembles what might be described in Jungian terms as an attempt at ‘individuation’, a harmonious relation between the components of the self. 1959D. Cox Jung & St. Paul xii. 341 Justification by Faith precedes all advance towards a full life whereas Individuation crowns an advance which has already taken place. 1973J. Singer Boundaries of Soul i. 8, I sat before the examiner and the two experts for my oral examination on The Individuation Process, which is the essence of analysis.
†2. Undivided character or condition; oneness.
1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 8 It cannot be denied, but unity and individuation of perswasion in all points of sacred truths, were to be wished between married couples.
3. The condition of being an individual; separate and continuous existence as a single indivisible object; individuality, personal identity.
1642H. More Song of Soul ii. iii. ii. xix, Fine spunne glittering silk crumpled in one Changeth not 'ts individuation From what it was, when it was gaily spread In fluttering winds. 1660― Myst. Godl. vi. iv. 223 It being most certain there is no stable Personality of a man but what is in his Soul, (for if the Body be Essential to this numerical Identity, a grown man has not the same individuation he had when he was Christned). 1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. v. 75 We are severally conscious to our selves of the individuation and distinction of our own minds from all other. 1725Watts Logic i. vi. §6 What is the principle of individuation? Or what is it that makes any one thing the same as it was some time before?
4. An individualized condition.
1648W. Sclater, Jr. in W. Sclater's Malachi (1650) Ep. Ded., It gives them al their several natures, or distinct individuations. 1852A. Ballou Spirit Manifest. i. 16 Each spirit is an individuation of Spirit-substance, combined with and interiorating a corresponding individuation of Matter.
5. a. Biol. The sum of the processes on which the life of the individual depends.
1867H. Spencer Princ. Biol. §327. II. 409 Grouping under the word Individuation all processes by which individual life is completed and maintained. 1871Darwin Desc. Man I. viii. 318 Mr. Herbert Spencer has shown..that with all organisms a ratio exists between what he calls individuation and genesis.
b. The unification of parts or forces necessary to constitute an individual or organic unity.
1881Mivart Cat 376 Such an animal..is really the theatre of some unifying power which synthesizes its varied activities, dominates its forces, and is a principle of individuation. 1889― Truth 390 Without the presence of some immaterial principle of individuation, our different mental acts..could not be united so as to constitute an act of judgment.
c. Bot. [tr. G. individualismus (K. von Tubeuf Pflanzenkrankheiten (1895) i. ii. 102).] = individualism 6.
1897W. G. Smith tr. Tubeuf's Dis. Plants viii. 87 This unification of two living beings into an individual whole, I have designated ‘Individuation’. |