| 释义 |
▪ I. vigil, n.1|ˈvɪdʒɪl|
Forms: 3 uigile, 4–6 vigile, 5–6 vygyle; 4–7 vigille (5 vygylle), vigill (6 vygill), 5 vigell, vygell, wygell, 6 Sc. wigel, 5–6 vygyl, 6 vigyl, 6– vigil.
[a. AF. and OF. (also mod.F.) vigile, = Sp. and It. vigilia:—L. vigilia watch, watchfulness, wakefulness, f. vigil awake, alert. Cf. vigily.]
1. Eccl. The eve of (i.e. preceding) a festival or holy day, as an occasion of devotional watching or religious observance.
a1225Ancr. R. 412 Ȝe schulen eten..eueriche deie twie, bute uridawes and umbridawes and ȝoing dawes, and uigiles. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. x. 232 Eche halyday to huyre hollyche þe seruice, Vigiles and fastyngdayes forthere⁓more to knowe. 1417E.E. Wills (1882) 28 Þe date of þis my testament..on Setrysday in þe vygyle of þe Holy Trynyte. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VII. 91 Whiche takynge hym in the vigille of Ester, ȝafe choyce to hym [etc.]. 1470–85Malory Arthur xiii. i. 612 The vygyl of Pentecost whan alle the felauship of the round table were comen vnto Camelot. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxiii. 108 b/1 And y⊇ next mornyng, y⊇ whiche was in the vigill of saynt Symonde and Iude, the Frenche kynge departed out of Calais. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 73 The thyrde day before the calendes of Aprell: which was that yeare the vigile of the Resurrection of owre Lorde. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. iii. 45 He that shall see this day, and liue old age, Will yeerely on the Vigil feast his neighbours, And say, to morrow is Saint Crispian. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. iii. xiv. 43 The dayes from henceforward to the death of Jesus we must reckon to be like the Vigils or Eves of his Passion. 1704Nelson Fest. & Fasts ix. (1739) 566 If any of these Feasts fall upon a Monday, then the Vigil or Fast-Day shall be kept upon the Saturday. 1808Scott Marm. i. xxi, Since, on the vigil of St. Bede, In evil hour, he cross'd the Tweed. 1834K. H. Digby Mores Cath. v. viii. 233 By the rules of fraternities of workmen, playing cards on the vigil of Christmas subjected offenders to be banished from the society. 1884Addis & Arnold Cath. Dict. 843 He even contends that the law of fasting binds on the vigil of the Epiphany.
transf. and fig.a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Ff iv, The calme seson moste sure, is the vigile of the more vnfortune. 1637T. Jackson Wks. (1844) VI. 188 The very time itself..being the vigils of that great anniversary, November 5. 1796Burke Regic. Peace i. (1902) 42 This manifesto..is dated..on the vigil of the festive day of cordial unanimity so happily celebrated by all parties in the British Parliament.
b. A devotional watching, esp. the watch kept on the eve of a festival or holy day; a nocturnal service or devotional exercise. Chiefly in pl.
14..Chaucer's Prol. 377 (Lansd.), It is ful faire to be cleped ma dame And gone to vigiles al to-fore. c1484E.E. Misc. (Warton Cl.) 24 When thy concianse wold the have mad chastessed, With wygellus, fastynge or with allmysdede. 1504C'tess Richmond tr. De Imitatione iv. vii. (1893) 269 Wepe and haue sorowe that thou art yet..so slepy to holy vygylys. 1552Huloet s.v., Vigill, or saynctes euen beynge fasted, peruigilium. 1591G. Fletcher Russe Commonw. (Hakl. Soc.) 138 They have also three vigils or wakes in their great Lent..and the last Friday, their great vigil, as they cal it. 1603Drayton Odes ii. 13 Thy ancient Vigils yeerely, I have observed cleerely. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. iii. xvi. 54 There are some things..voluntary, such as are..prostration, long prayers, vigils. a1681Wharton Fasts & Fest. Wks. (1683) 31 At length the Vigils themselves were inhibited; and these Fasts..instituted in their stead. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xxvii. (1787) III. 34 As the patience of the multitude might have been exhausted by the length and uniformity of nocturnal vigils. 1836J. H. Newman Par. Serm. III. xxi. (ed. 2) 338 These holy days..were commonly ushered in by a Vigil or religious watching. 1840Macaulay Ess., Ranke's Hist. ⁋22 Thence he wandered back to the farthest West, and astonished..the schools of France by his penances and vigils. 1896H. B. Swete Ch. Services 29 The solemnity of the Easter vigil was deepened by a tradition that the Second Coming of the Lord would surprise the world on some Easter Eve.
transf.1390Gower Conf. II. 110 Ek to thee, Diane, I preie,..With al myn herte I wolde serve Be nyhte, and thi vigile observe.
c. In the phr. to keep (a) vigil or vigils. Also transf. (Cf. 4 b.)
1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions ii. xii. 296 The night afore euery ordenary holidaie or feastefull daie, the whole clergie, and the people, ware bounde to kiepe Vigill in euery churche. 1616in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. III. 40 They..expose the Blessed Sacrament, institute supplications & keep a vigil throughout the whole night in prayer before the same. 1695Prior Ode to King i, At Mary's Tomb, (sad, sacred Place!) The Virtues shall their Vigils keep. 1714Pope Wife of Bath 285 Visits to ev'ry Church we daily paid,..The Stations duly, and the Vigils kept. 1717― Eloisa 21 Shrines! where their vigils pale-ey'd virgins keep. 1803Heber Palestine 251 Ye faithful few,..Who round the Saviour's cross your sorrows shed, Not for his sake your tearful vigils keep. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 89 The first discoverer of the river and country, kept a kind of vigil there. 1884Addis & Arnold Cath. Dict. 843 St. Charles forbade the keeping of any vigil except that before Christmas.
d. pl. Prayers said or sung at a nocturnal service, spec. for the dead.
Sometimes applied to the Office for the Dead: cf. F. vigiles des morts, and med.L. vigiliæ.
1483Caxton G. de la Tour A iv, And she sayd vygylles for the dede men. 1671Milton P.R. i. 182 They in Heav'n their Odes and Vigils tun'd. 1679Hist. Jetzer 5 If they would yet further sing four Vigils for his Soul. 1834K. H. Digby Mores Cath. v. iii. 84, I have seen the sublime Cathedral of Amiens on the night of All-hallows, when the vigils of the dead were sung there.
†2. A wake. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 305 Of the fyr and flaumbe funeral..And of the feste and pleyes palestral At my vigile, I pray thee take good hede That al be wel. 1606Holland Sueton. 234 Upon the top of the Apennine Hill, hee celebrated a sacrifice, with a Vigil [marg. Or wake] all night long.
†3.
a. One or other of the four watches into which the Romans divided the night. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 44 Aboute þe fourþe vigile of þe nyȝt cam Crist to hem, walking on þe water. 1533Bellenden Livy (S.T.S.) II. 65 At þe fourte vigill he rasit his baner. 1536― Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 259 The Romanis..at the third vigill maid thaim reddy to battall. 1656Blount Glossogr. s.v., The first Vigil began at six of the clock in the Evening, and continued till nine.
†b. A place from which watch was kept. Obs.
1533Bellenden Livy (S.T.S.) I. 284 The romanis..be wilfull eruptiouns fra þare statiouns and vigilis [v.r. wigelis], effrayit þe equis.
†c. Bot. (See quot.) Obs.
1783Encycl. Brit. (ed. 2) X. 8716/1 Vigils of Plants,..the precise time of the day in which the flowers of different plants open, expand, and shut. 1802R. Hall Elem. Bot. 196.
4. An occasion or period of keeping awake for some special reason or purpose; a watch kept during the natural time for sleep.
1711Pope Temp. Fame 301 With studies pale, with mid⁓night vigils blind. 1713Addison Guardian No. 120 ⁋7 There is nothing that wears out a fine Face like the Vigils of the Card-Table. 1781Cowper Retirem. 260 Soft airs, nocturnal vigils, and day dreams..Conspire against thy peace. 1817Byron Manfred iii. iii. 2 He hath pursued long vigils in this tower. 1818― Mazeppa x, The patient search and vigil long Of him who treasures up a wrong. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxiv. V. 139 His delicate frame worn out by the labours and vigils of many months. 1879Beerbohm Patagonia 23, I confess I should have liked some companion to enliven my weary vigil.
transf.1817Bryon Manfred i. i. 6 In my heart There is a vigil, and these eyes but close To look within. 1843J. Martineau Chr. Life (1867) 166 The vigils of eternal Providence.
b. In the phr. to keep a vigil or vigils. (Cf. 1 c.)
c1695Ken Hymn, ‘All praise to Thee’ x, O may my Guardian, while I sleep, Close to my bed his vigils keep. 1728Pope Dunc. i. 93 While pensive Poets painful vigils keep, Sleepless themselves, to give their readers sleep. 1748Gray Alliance 42 There industry and gain their vigils keep. 1845Hirst Com. Mammoth, etc. 98 Lies some quaintly sculptured God, O'er the scene no vigil keeping. 1850S. Dobell Roman i. Poet. Wks. 1875 I. 4, I steal forth to keep my twilight vigil. 1856Harriett Parr ‘Hear my prayer, O heavenly Father’ i, Bid Thy angels..Round my bed their vigil keep.
c. Without article: Watching, watch.
1816Byron Siege Cor. xiii, While he alone, where thousands pass'd A night of sleep,..In sickly vigil wander'd on. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxiv. (1856) 195 Many miles to the south, Captain Back passed a memorable term of vigil and exposure. 1856Merivale Hist. Rom. Emp. xli. (1871) V. 96 The abiding sense of moral obligation, which should hold sleepless vigil round the desk of the historian. 1892C. Taylor Hermas & Gospels 35 Hermas and the twelve virgins keep vigil by the tower.
5. A wakefulness, or period of this, due to inability to sleep. Somewhat rare.
1747Berkeley Tar-water in Plague Wks. 1871 III. 481 In the plague are observed..drowsiness, anxiety, vigils, sinking of spirits. 1802Coleridge Dejection viii, 'Tis mid⁓night, but small thoughts have I of sleep: Full seldom may my friend such vigils keep! 1822Shelley Fragm. Unfinished Drama 74 On a wintry bough the widowed bird..Renewed the vigils of a sleepless sorrow.
6. attrib. and Comb., as vigil-keeping, vigil-rage, vigil service, vigil-wasted adj.
1819Shelley Peter Bell 3rd vii. xv, To wakeful frenzy's vigil-rages, As opiates, were the same [pages] applied. 1846Keble Lyra Innoc. (ed. 3) 240 But who is this that comes with mantle rude And vigil-wasted air? 1896H. B. Swete Ch. Services 29 Every Saturday night was marked by a vigil service. 1897R. Kearton Nature & Camera 330 The terrible loneliness of his vigil-keeping.
Add:[4.] d. A stationary and peaceful demonstration in support of a particular cause, often lasting several days, which is characterized by the absence of speeches or other explicit advocacy of the cause, and freq. by some suggestion of mourning.
1956Times 11 Apr. 8/6 When [the South African] Parliament reassembled to-day..members found 300 black-sash women lined up in the grounds of Parliament House in renewed protest against undemocratic legislation... A vigil of four black-sash members at a time will be maintained till the end of the session. 1969[see -in3]. 1971Win 1 Apr. 5/1 A three-day vigil from Feb. 23–26 at the New York office of Colonel Charles Ellison, Army procurement agent, focused attention on the fact. 1985Peace News 26 July 3/1 On the day of the air fair, around 40 people took part in a vigil at the main gate, giving out leaflets to incoming cars.
▪ II. † ˈvigil, n.2 Obs.—1
[a. L. vigil: see prec.]
A watchman, custodian.
1648Herrick Hesper., Panegyric to Sir L. Pemberton 13 For no black-bearded Vigil from thy doore Beats with a button'd-staffe the poore.
▪ III. † ˈvigil, a. Obs.—1
[a. L. vigil.]
Vigilant.
1576Common Conditions Prol. 3 What openly by Actours deeds in place shall straight appeare Beefore your vigill wakefull eyes.
▪ IV. vigil, v. rare.|ˈvɪdʒɪl|
[f. vigil n.1]
intr. To keep a vigil or vigils.
1898T. Hardy Wessex Poems 110 So I've claim to ask By what right you task My patience by vigiling here? 1915G. Frankau Tid'apa vii. 40 Two days and two nights has he vigiled—the doctor dozes and blinks. 1975J. Montague Slav Dance 57 We vigil by the dying fire, talk stilled for once. |