| 释义 |
infective, a.|ɪnˈfɛktɪv|
[ad. L. infectīvus (in cl.L. in neut. pl. infectīva dyes): see infect v. and -ive. Cf. OF. infectif, -ive (Godefroy). The word seems to have gone out of use c 1700, but has recently been revived in medical use.]
†1. Having the quality of affecting injuriously or tainting. Const. of. Obs. rare.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. lxxv. (Tollem. MS.), Hit is sone greuid with colde eyer, with hayle, with rayne, with euel dewe and infectyue [ex rore..infectivo]. c1420Pallad. on Husb. ix. 14 Al other donge is infectif of wynys.
2. a. Having the quality of infecting with disease, or of spreading disease by infection; infectious.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. lxv[i]. (Add. MS. 27944) lf. 291/1 His [a lion's] breþ stynkeþ and is infectiue, and infecteþ oþre þinges, and his bitynge is dedliche and venemous. c1485Digby Myst. iv. 368 To wash away corrupcion of wondes infectyfe. 1502W. Atkynson tr. De Imitatione iii. xlv. 233 Truly vayne glory is an infectyue pestylens. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxxxix. 347 They bare with full great trouble the heate, and the infectyue ayre of the countrey of Spaygne. 1562Turner Baths 2 a, If he be sieke in a smitting or infective disease. 1583Babington Commandm. iii. (1637) 27 Some pestilent thing of an infective operation. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 428 This Oyle of Oates..expelleth out of the bodie all manner of venimous and infectiue humours. 1867Pall Mall G. No. 813. 1001/1 The infective power of the poison. 1881Nature XXIV. 373/2 Prof. Klebs..declared the infective quality to be due to the presence of a microphyte. 1883St. James's Gaz. 29 Nov., The infective matter shown to exist in the blood serum. 1895Parkes Health 30 The prevention of infective diseases.
b. infective hepatitis = infectious hepatitis.
1939G. M. Findlay et al. in Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hygiene XXXII. 578 To those cases where the jaundice is associated with sensitivity phenomena the term ‘allergic jaundice’ might be applied, while for those in which hepatitis is the primary lesion ‘epidemic’ or possibly ‘infective hepatitis’ is probably preferable to the name ‘common infective hepatic jaundice’ used by Rolleston and McNee (1929). 1959[see hepatitis]. 1971New Scientist 25 Mar. 676/1 Infective hepatitis..results from liver cell damage caused by a virus (or viruses) usually taken in with food or drink, and picked up from the faeces of an already infected person.
3. Producing or spreading moral infection.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 269 The desire of vertue..though it be excessive, yet is it not noisome, yet is it not hurtful, yet is it not infective. 1602W. Burton Anat. Belial 161 Some in their wanton and light behaviour are..infective to the weaker Christians. 1627–77Feltham Resolves ii. lxx. 309. 1899 Expositor Mar. 182 Sin is not only cumulative but infective.
†4. Producing an emotion, feeling, etc. by infection. Obs.
a1586Sidney (J.), True love, well considered, hath an infective power. 1626Bacon Sylva §945 Feare and Shame are likewise Infectiue; for wee see that the Starting of one will make another ready to Start: And when one Man is out of Countenance in a Company, others doe likewise Blush in his behalfe. 1703Farquhar Inconstant iv. iv, There, there, behold an object that's infective; I cannot view her, but I am as mad as she.
Hence inˈfectiveness, infecˈtivity, the quality of being infectious.
1871Daily News 16 Aug., Cholera has a certain peculiar infectiveness of its own. 1881Nature XXIV. 373/2 The fatal infectiveness of crude tubercular matter. 1882G. F. Dowdeswell in Jrnl. Microsc. Sc. Jan. 67 There is..considerable uncertainty in the infectivity of such blood. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 186 The virus may be carried from a small-pox hospital by the air a considerable distance without losing its infectivity. |