| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈviolate, pa. pple. and ppl. a. Now only poet.
Also 5 violatt, 6 -at, -ait, 6 vyolate, Sc. weolait.
[ad. L. violāt-us, pa. pple. of violāre: see next.]
1. Characterized by impurity or defilement.
c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1557 Now, lord of lordes, to þi blyssyd name sanctificatt, most mekely my feyth I recummend. Pott don þe pryd of mamentes violatt! 1513Douglas æneid v. i. 12 For weill wist Eneas In violait [L. polluto] luif..quhat thingis mycht be controvit By wemen in fury rage that stranglie lovit. 1594Warres Cyrus C ij, The prince..bare my daughter thence with violate hands Vnto his pallace. 1856H. E. H. King Disciples, Agesilao Milano (1873) 300 Take home the lesson to thee,..Who makest of this lovely land, God's garden, A nation violate, corrupt, accurst.
2. As pa. pple. Violated, in various senses of the verb; subjected to violation or injury.
1503Hawes Examp. Virt. vii. 112 Mayden and moder yet not vyolate. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. 321 The peace..was, by the kynge, vyolate and broken. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 317 Wherwith..no parte of the maiestie of a kyng is vyolate. 1590H. Barrow Brief Discoverie 4 That heauenly patterne left by the Apostles was soone violate. a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. ii. ii. §5 (1622) 203 If Iustice may be violate, for any cause at all. 1675Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 479 It was declared and resolved to be an undouted ancient standing order, not to be violate. 1733W. Crawford Infidelity (1836) 159 The law of innocency..being violate by man's apostacy. 1847Tennyson Princ. vi. 44 And now, O maids, behold our sanctuary Is violate, our laws broken.
b. = violated ppl. a.
1655Theophania 169 My Fathers blood, Agnesias languishing griefs, my violate marriage,..raised several passions.
▪ II. violate, v.|ˈvaɪəleɪt|
Forms: 5 violatt, 6 -at, 5–6 vyolat(e, 6 voyolate, Sc. wiolate, violet; 5– violate.
[f. L. violāt-, ppl. stem of violāre to treat with violence, to outrage, dishonour, injure, etc.]
1. trans. To break, infringe, or transgress unjustifiably; to fail duly to keep or observe:
a. An oath or promise, one's faith, etc.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 347 His bloode be schedde in lyke wyse that dothe violate and breke this bonde of luffe. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 187, I haue despoused you to a noble man, se yt you violate not your fayth & spousage. 1558Knox First Blast (Arb.) 50 If any man be affraid to violat the oth of obedience, which they haue made to suche monstres. 1596Edw. III, iv. iii. 27 Ah, but it is mine othe, my gratious Lord, Which I in conscience may not violate. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia iii. viii. 76 Your promise I find..euery day violated by some of your subiects. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. xiv. 68 A Power set up to constrain those that would otherwise violate their faith. 1769Robertson Chas. V, vii. Wks. 1813 III. 53 The indecency of violating a recent and solemn engagement. 1777R. Watson Philip II, ii. (1839) 25 Being convinced that Henry would never violate the truce of Vaucelles. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. 259 Fearing lest the sight of the fertile land..might tempt the Heracleids to violate their compact with him. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 189 These arrangements were scarcely concluded when the Raja manifested a disposition to violate them. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 18 She violates the bond.
b. A law, commandment, rule, etc.
1552Huloet, Violate a lawe or custome, soluere legem, uel morem. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 195 Thou praisest ye Empresse for instituting good lawes, and grieuest to see them violated by the Ladyes. 1611Bible Ezek. xxii. 26 Her priests haue violated my law, and haue prophaned mine holy things. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvii. 153 He which does Injury..should suffer punishment without other limitation, than that of his Will whose Law is thereby violated. 1691Hartcliffe Virtues 363 If we live contrary to this, we violate the Law of him that made us. 1726Swift Gulliver ii. vii, Power,..liberty, and..dominion. All which, however happily tempered by the laws of that kingdom, have been sometimes violated by each of the three parties. 1774Burke Corr. (1844) I. 485, I have not usually made any scruple to violate, in some degree, the strict letter and summum jus of decorum and propriety. 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. vii. (1852) 204 It is of the essence of atonement, that while it protects all rights, it must not violate any. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. III. 126 The sovereigns..resolved to violate their own late precedents of non-intervention. 1875Manning Mission H. Ghost i. 11 The predestination of God in no way violates or takes away the perfect liberty of the human will.
c. Abstract and moral qualities, etc.
1588Kyd Househ. Philos. Wks. (1901) 253 First wold I that the parched earth did riue,..Ere I to lose or violate my chastity beginne. 1671Milton Samson 893 An impious crew Of men..violating the ends For which our countrey is a name so dear. 1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. vi. 137 He that would not violate truth, must avoid all injustice. a1745Swift Hen. I, Wks. 1768 IV. 290 He was a strict observer of justice, which he seems never to have violated. 1794Paley Evid. iii. vii. (1817) 369 Differences of opinion..accompanied with mutual charity, which Christianity forbids them to violate. 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. iii. (1852) 62 Let not the Rationalists be suffered, in the very name of justice, sacred as it is, to violate justice. 1892Tennyson Dawn iii, The press..easily violates virgin Truth for a coin or a cheque.
2. To ravish or outrage (a woman).
c1440Alph. Tales 57, I hafe violatt & fylid many mens wyvis, & þer chuldre. a1533Ld. Berners Huon cxiii. 398 He made it to be cryed in euere strete that no man shulde be so hardy on payne of dethe to vyolat any woman, or deflowre any mayd. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. xv. 16 [To] see his wife and his daughters rauished and violated. 1611Cotgr., Forcer,..to violate, force, or rauish (as a woman). 1696Phillips (ed. 5). 1709Addison Tatler No. 117 ⁋4 She was discovered by Neptune, and violated after a long and unsuccesful Importunity. 1754Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. xiii. 344 We gratify our Lust by violating his Wife or Daughter. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 509 This young man,..having attempted to violate the wife of a Bramin, was imprisoned. 1879J. C. Fife-Cookson With Armies of Balkans 38 It was alledged however that they [sc. the Cossacks] committed separate excesses of their own, violating all the Turkish women they could find.
absol.1821Shelley Hellas 951 Impale the remnant of the Greeks! despoil! Violate! make their flesh cheaper than dust!
3. a. To do violence to; to treat irreverently; to desecrate, dishonour, profane, or defile.
1490Caxton Eneydos xxi. 76, I haue not rented, vyolated ne broken, the pyramyde of his faders sepulture. a1500Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 217 This man..Is not of God,..Which doth voyolate the Saboath daye. 1513Douglas æneid xi. xi. 127 Quha evir with wond dois hurt or violat Hyr haly body onto me dedicat. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John xix. 115 A place perdye detestable and violated with dead bodyes. 1579W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Love 13 Gods ministery is an holy and sacred thing, in thought not to be violated. 1635E. Pagitt Christianographie i. iii. (1636) 129 If by chance any Catholicke Priest shall celebrate upon one of their Altars, they violate it and breake it. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 17 They would commonly violate the graves of those dead men we buried. 1673Lady's Calling ii. i. §7 She that listens to any wanton discourse has violated her ears. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xvi, What sacrilegious footsteps thus rudely violate this holy place. 1846Arnold Hist. Later Roman Commw. I. vii. 277 Some of the most famous and richest temples..were violated and ransacked. 1849James Woodman ix, It would be searched, and the sanctuary violated.
refl.1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iii. x. 24 Experience, Manhood, Honor, ne're before, Did violate so it selfe.
b. To destroy (a person's chastity) by force.
1592Arden of Feversham 38 That iniurious riball, that attempts To vyolate my deare wyues chastitie. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 347 Thou didst seeke to violate The honor of my childe. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. 213 The civil law..not allowing any punishment for violating the chastity of her, who hath indeed no chastity at all.
c. To interfere with by appropriation.
1823Lamb Elia ii. Poor Relations, A particular elbow-chair was appropriated to him, which was in no case to be violated. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xxv, No boy attempted to violate the sanctity of seat or peg.
†4.
a. To vitiate, corrupt, or spoil, esp. in respect of physical qualities. Obs.
1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 98 If wee..consyder the largenes and wydenes of..the mouthes of the famous ryuer of Ister..and howe farre they violate or corrupte the salte water with their freshenes. 1598Yong Diana 61 But this mischieuous absence doth violate and dissolue those things, which men thinke to be most strong and firme. 1620Venner Via Recta vii. 131 They breede phlegme, violate the lungs, and soone offend the stomack..by their windie and cloying substance. 1656Stanley Hist. Philos. iv. iii. (1687) 141/2 He said, that Coals, when they forsake the nature of Wood, acquire a solidity not to be violated by moisture.
b. To damage or injure by violence. Obs.
1595Daniel Civ. Wars i. lxxxiii, Like to a River that is stopt his Course Doth violate his Banks. 1606G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine xliv. 136 For first it lieth not within the raging heate of the Sunne, as Affricke doth; neither is it violated with outragious windes like France. 1634T. Johnson Parey's Chirurg. xv. xiv. (1678) 335 If the fracture violate..the spinal marrow contained therein, then the Patient can scarce scape death. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 208 Couch it down without violating any of the leaves. 1675J. Rose Eng. Vineyard Vind. 41 Fear not your vessel if well made; since the force of the working..will not violate it as some imagine.
c. To despoil of something. Obs.—1
1646G. Daniel Poems Wks. (Grosart) II. 57 When the bleake Face of winter spreads The Earth, and violates the Meads Of all their Pride.
†5. To treat (a person) roughly or with violence; to assail or abuse. Obs.
a1628Preston Breastpl. Love (1631) 88 If a man should come and violate thee with ill termes thou wouldest be angry with him. 1629Chas. I Declarations Wks. 1662 II. 27 Precedents of former times were disobeyed, the Speaker violated [etc.]. 1635R. N. tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. iii. 239 The Act was made against those which should violate the king by seditious writings.
6. To break in upon; to interrupt or disturb; to interfere with rudely or roughly.
1667Milton P.L. iv. 883 To question thy bold entrance on this place; Imploi'd it seems to violate sleep. 1697Dryden æneid xii. 474 O Trojans! cease From impious arms, nor violate the peace. 1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. vi. (1724) 132 Since he, who begins to violate the happiness of another, does what is wrong. 1775Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 31 Legislation passes its limits when it violates the purse. 1796W. Combe Boydell's Thames II. 3 [Pope's] garden has not yet been violated. It retains its early form. 1809W. Irving Knickerb. iii. vi. (1849) 175 The dark forests which once clothed those shores had been violated by the savage hand of cultivation. 1819Shelley Cenci v. i. 13 To violate the sacred doors of sleep.
7. To treat without proper respect or regard; to do violence or injury to (feelings, etc.) in this way.
1692Dryden St. Euremont's Ess. 81 Never were they more careful of hindring the Majesty of the Roman People from being violated. 1705Addison Italy, Monaco 15 They have never entertain'd a Thought of violating the Publick Credit. 1713Berkeley in Guard. No. 3 ⁋1 A Body of Men, whom of all other a good Man would be most careful not to violate, I mean Men in Holy Orders. 1729Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 24 Man may act..in a way disproportionate to, and violate his real proper nature. 1798Bloomfield Farmer's Boy, Summer 336 Ere tyrant customs strength sufficient bore To violate the feelings of the poor. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam viii. xxvii, Do ye thirst to bear A heart which not the serpent Custom's tooth May violate? 1822Lamb Elia i. Compl. Decay Beggars, Do we feel the imagination at all violated when we read the ‘true ballad’, where King Cophetua woos the beggar maid?
8. To accuse or find (a prisoner on parole) guilty of violating the conditions of parole. U.S. slang.
1971E. E. Landy Underground Dict. 193 Violate,..be returned to prison for a parole violation—eg. I was violated. 1973J. Mitford Amer. Prison Business (1974) xii. 222 If the parolee is ‘violated’ by his agent (this curious solecism is used, without any sense of irony, by everyone in Corrections, from the parole board to the convict), he is back to Square One. 1974E. Brawley Rap (1975) x. 133 My parole officer violated me on another phony beef and I wound up in the Joint again. 1978H. B. Franklin Victim as Criminal & Artist v. 191 Living outside Los Angeles, with life going reasonably well, Braly suddenly found himself with a zealous new parole officer, who threatened to violate him for driving a car, for having a woman spend the night in his apartment, or for writing anything he disapproved of.
Hence ˈviolating vbl. n.
1548Cooper Elyot's Dict., Violatio,..a violatyng, a breakyng. 1581Nowell & Day in Confer. i. (1584) C ij, Master Campion did vs wrong, to charge vs with violating of the Maiestie of the holy Bible. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. xiii. 48 b, The violating and deflouring of..his daughters, & other Ladies. 1611Cotgr., Violation, a violation, or violating. 1671Phillips (ed. 3) s.v. Sacrilegious, A robbing of Churches, or violating of holy things. 1765–8Erskine Inst. Law Scot. iv. iv. §52 The violating of a bride, or espoused virgin. 1769in Boston Gaz. 8 Jan. (1770) 3/1 Since the Tories are so set upon ruining this continent, as not even to scruple the violating their own plighted faith. |