| 释义 |
inˈhibitor
[agent-n. in L. form f. inhibit v.; cf. med.L. inhibitor, It. inhibitore (Florio, 1611).]
1. rare. One who inhibits. spec. in Sc. Law, One who takes out an inhibition: see inhibition 2 c.
1868Act 31 & 32 Vict. c. 101 Sched. (PP), Notice of letters of inhibition..A.B. (insert designation of the inhibitor) against C.D. 1886Statem. Landlaws by Counc. Inc. Law Soc. 25 The vendor would simply have to procure the consent of the various inhibitors and persons entering caveats to their removal.
2. a. That which inhibits.
1902W. James Var. Relig. Exper. xi. 265 Danger is for most men the great inhibitor of action. 1908W. McDougall Introd. Social Psychol. iii. 55 [Fear] is thus the great inhibitor of action. 1955Sci. Amer. Apr. 72/2 Many seeds have water-soluble germination inhibitors in their covering. 1973Nature 12 Jan. 140/1 The hydroid may contain a substance which inhibits its nematocysts from discharging and stinging other members of the colony. An occasional hydroid may provide Pagurus with such an inhibitor.
b. Genetics. A gene whose presence prevents the expression of some other non-allelic gene.
1911Jrnl. Genetics I. 190 The Brown Leghorn..never produces pigmented birds and we..regard it as entirely without the factor P. But it possesses the inhibitor factor I. 1911R. C. Punnett Mendelism (ed. 3) vii. 70 Probably we ought to regard the beardless as a bearded wheat in which there is an inhibitor that stops the beard from growing. 1925D. F. Jones Genetics in Plant & Animal Improvement iv. 75 A fifth factor, I, when present, prevents any color from appearing, no matter what other factors are there. It is called an inhibitor. 1949F. B. Hutt Genetics Fowl vi. 154 The first evidence that the inhibitor of dermal melanin is sex linked was found by Davenport (1906). 1965J. A. Serra Mod. Genetics I. iii. 60 Inhibitors..completely hinder the manifestation of the gene with which they interact.
c. Any substance which (often in small quantities) slows down or effectively prevents a particular chemical or biochemical process or diminishes the activity of some reactant or catalyst (e.g. in corrosion, the formation of gum in petrol, or enzymic reactants).
1914S. E. Sheppard Photo-Chem. vii. 289 The actual inhibitor in the case of ammonia is probably NCl3. 1924F. O. Rice in H. S. Taylor Treat. Physical Chem. II. xiv. 923 A type of negative catalysis in which the inhibitor combines with one of the reactants to form a molecular compound... The rôle of the inhibitor in all these reactions would therefore be that of a competitor for one of the molecular species undergoing change. 1925Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry XLIV. 163 t/1 (heading) Water-line corrosion of iron and steel, with special reference to the action of the so-called ‘inhibitors’ of corrosion. 1935Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXIX. 791 An attractive method of preventing ice formation..is the use of some form of inhibitor which may be added to the fuel. 1938W. V. Thorpe Biochem. for Med. Students x. 130 In many instances the inhibition of an enzyme can be regarded as the result of chemical combination between the enzyme and the inhibitor. 1951I. L. Finar Org. Chem. I. iii. 44 Gum formation in cracked gasolines is prevented by the addition of inhibitors, which are mainly phenols or aromatic amines. 1962H. L. Kern et al. in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism Rel. Cataract 385 Ouabain is a relatively specific inhibitor of cationic transport. 1962Lancet 27 Jan. 192/1 It seems likely that the tissue activator may be ‘unavailable’ because an inhibitor is present, but this conclusion must be tentative until more is known about the nature and precise measurement of the inhibitors of fibrinolysis. 1968R. O. C. Norman Princ. Org. Synthesis xv. 480 It is advisable to add a small quantity of an inhibitor to the more readily polymerized olefins..to prevent polymerization during storage. 1971P. J. McMahon Aircraft Propulsion x. 298 Small quantities of various inhibitors may be used to restrict the rates of reaction in certain places. An inhibitor could for example prevent case temperatures from becoming excessive by cutting down the burning rate of propellants immediately adjacent to the case surface. 1972Nature 18 Feb. 398/2 A generalized metabolic inhibitor..elicited 0% drug response by itself. |