| 释义 |
▪ I. injury, n.|ˈɪndʒərɪ|
[ad. L. injūria wrong, hurt, detriment, n. use of fem. of injūrius unjust, wrongful, f. in- (in-3) + jūs, jūr- right. Cf. AF. in-, enjurie (Ph. de Thaun).]
1. Wrongful action or treatment; violation or infringement of another's rights; suffering or mischief wilfully and unjustly inflicted. With an and pl., A wrongful act; a wrong inflicted or suffered.
1382Wyclif Col. iii. 25 He that doth iniurie [Vulg. injuriam] shal resseyue that that he dide yuele. c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋845 Ye..han doon grete Iniuries and wronges to me and to my wyf. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 19 Ther is no lorde that woll venge the Iniuries don therto. 1509Fisher Fun. Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 291 She was..redy a none to forgete and to forgyue iniuries done vnto her. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 1 By [wholesome laws]..we are bridled..from doing of iniuries. 1627–77Feltham Resolves ii. xlvi. 248 Injury is properly the willing doing of Injustice to him that is unwilling to receive it. 1729Butler Serm. Resentment Wks. 1874 II. 94 Injury, as distinct from harm, may raise sudden anger. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 2 Private wrongs..are an infringement or privation of the private or civil rights belonging to individuals..and are thereupon frequently termed civil injuries. 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 91 It was associated in her mind with her mother's injuries, and her own. 1883Wharton's Law Lex., Injury, any wrong or damage done to another, either in his person, rights, reputation, or property.
†2. Intentionally hurtful or offensive speech or words; reviling, insult, calumny; a taunt, an affront. Obs. [Cf. F. injure = parole offensante, outrageuse.]
1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 16 This scorfy scoflynge declareth openly Agaynste rurall men, rebuke and injury. 1603Florio Montaigne i. xlvi. (1897) II. 185 He began to raile upon them with a thousand injuries. a1626Bacon (J.), He fell to bitter invectives against the French king; and spake all the injuries he could devise of Charles. 1659D. Pell Impr. Sea 107 With the same patience that Chirurgions will [bear] the injuries and blows of mad, and frantick men. 1710Steele Tatler No. 172 ⁋1, I do not mean it an Injury to Women, when I say there is a Sort of Sex in Souls.
3. a. Hurt or loss caused to or sustained by a person or thing; harm, detriment, damage. With an and pl. An instance of this.
c1430Life St. Kath. (1884) 39 Wyth oute iniurie of hys godhed he ouercome hym þat..had brought man into synne. 1555Eden Decades To Rdr. (Arb.) 49 Thiniurie of tyme consumynge all thynges. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 27 Some shepheards in Italy use thereof to make sacks, wherein they wrap themselves from the injury of rain. 1726Leoni tr. Alberti's Archit. I. 45/1 Those parts of the Wall which are near to the ground,..by the alternate injuries of Dust and Wet, are very apt to moulder and rot. 1816Scott Antiq. xxx, Having sustained a heavy blow without injury. 1845Florist's Jrnl. 266 Repotting..has been neglected for three or four years without apparent injury to the plants. 1859Engineer VII. 282 Of the cases of injury from causes beyond the passengers' own control, all but twenty-seven were occasioned by collisions between trains, and mostly great numbers were injured at once.
†b. concr. A bodily wound or sore. Obs. rare.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, iii. vi. 129 Wee thought not good to bruise an iniurie, till it were full ripe.
4. attrib. and Comb., as injury-doing, wrong-doing; injury-feigning vbl. n. and ppl. a.; injury time, the extra time allowed in a game of football or the like to make up for time spent in attending to injuries.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 29 He..began to accuse Nature of Iniurie doing and offence. 1925J. S. Huxley in Brit. Birds XIX. 93 The Purple Sandpiper which nests on the..tundra has an ‘injury-feigning’ performance which must be hard to beat for elaboration. Ibid. 94 In regard to ‘injury-feigning’ the Avocet is one of the most spectacular of birds. 1932D. Lack in Ibis 282 Injury-feigning is, therefore, assumed to be primarily a partial paralysis due to anxiety. 1948Brit. Birds XLI. 237 The cock several times gave ‘lure displays’ of the ‘injury-feigning’ type, creeping away from the dummy with wings dragging and depressed and tail fanned. 1960Sunday Times 18 Dec. 20/1 The winning score..did not come until the 43rd minute of the second half in what, in the absence of any official designation, is termed ‘injury time’. 1971New Society 1 July 24/3 One of the better ideas in the competition is their tie-breaker. If there is a tie the teams play off to an instant death by goals scored from penalties kicked immediately after extra injury-time.
▪ II. † ˈinjury, v. Obs.
Also (6 injuirie).
[a. F. injurier (1266 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. late L. injūriāre, f. injūria injury. Supplanted c 1600 by the current injure.]
1. trans. To wrong; = injure 1.
c1484Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 64 One Robart Walkinham is injuried & wronged of his tennor in Arkenden. 1561J. Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 175 Rome hath spoyled the whole world, and iniuried all nations. 1603Florio Montaigne 616 He..should greatly wrong himselfe and injurie me as much. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxii. 119 If any particular member conceive himself injuried by the Body it self.
2. To abuse with words, revile, calumniate; = injure 2.
1484Caxton Fables of æsop i. xvi, That he be not iniuryed and mocqued of euery one. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 1011/2 We must be more greued and tormented at it, then if wee our selues were reuiled and iniuried in most spiteful sort. 1603Florio Montaigne i. xlvii. (1897) II. 193 Where occasion brings us neere the enemie, we freely give our souldiers libertie, to..injurie him with all manner of reproaches.
3. To hurt, harm, damage; = injure 3.
1579Fulke Confut. Sanders 694 Least the trophee of our victorie by treading vpon..be iniuried. 1630Lord Banians 83 They will not indure to see a fly or worme or anything living injuryed.
Hence † ˈinjuried ppl. a., † ˈinjurying vbl. n.
1600J. Mush in Archpr. Controv. (Camden) I. 160 Vnlesse the iniuried freely forgiue. 1604T. Wright Passions 278 The heynousnes of spitefull iniurying. |