| 释义 |
viviparous, a.|vɪˈvɪpərəs, vaɪ-|
[f. L. vīvipar-us (Appuleius), f. vīv-us alive, living + parĕre to bring forth: see -ous. Cf. F. vivipare, Sp., Pg., It. viviparo.]
1. Involving the production of young in a living state.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xxi. 158 We cannot from them expect a viviparous exclusion. 1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. i. 48 This constitutes the viviparous reproduction of the Mammalia. 1890Science-Gossip XXVI. 259 This..corresponds to the viviparous habit in some fishes and reptiles.
2. Of animals: Bringing forth young in a live state. (Usually in contrast with oviparous.)
1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋267 Quadrupedes..together with us are viviparous, and hitherto more familiar to us, then birds, fishes, and animals oviparous. 1668Wilkins Real Char. ii. v. §3. 133 Viviparous cartilagineous fish, whose bodies are not long and round. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. 160 That uniform warmth, which is so necessary even in the incubation of birds, much more in the time of gestation of viviparous animals. 1768G. White Selborne xvii, Though they [sc. vipers] are oviparous, yet they are viviparous also, hatching their young within their bellies, and then bringing them forth. c1791M. Cutler in Life, etc. (1888) I. 469 The Sea-anemone is said to be viviparous. 1827G. Higgins Celtic Druids 138 The oviparous quadrupeds are found..in more ancient strata than those of the viviparous class. 1858Lewes Sea-side Stud. 249 The Pedicellina is viviparous, as well as oviparous, and gemmiparous. 1870Rolleston Anim. Life p. xliii, The true Cetacea..are always viviparous.
b. With specific names.
1681Grew Musæum i. v. i. 95 The Viviparous Eel-Pout... 'Tis well pictur'd by Adam Oleareus, who calls it a Sea-Wolf. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1824) III. 11 The viviparous blenny..brings forth two or three hundred at a time, all alive. 1838T. Bell Brit. Reptiles 17 Viviparous Lizard. Nimble Lizard. Common Lizard. Zootoca vivipara. 1890Cent. Dict., Perch,..2. Any surf-fish or member of the Embiotocidæ: more fully called viviparous perch.
3. Bot. Reproducing from seeds or bulbs which germinate while still attached to the parent plant. Also in specific names.
1777Lightfoot Flora Scot. I. 101 Viviparous-Fescue-Grass. 1794Paley Nat. Theol. xx. (1819) 322 Grasses abound which are viviparous and consequently able to propagate themselves without seed. 1812New Bot. Garden i. 58 The pericarps viviparous. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 475 Polygonum viviparum, Viviperous [sic] Bistort. 1855Delamer Kitchen Garden (1861) 48 A few roots [of Rocambole] may be allowed standing-room as a curiosity, and as examples of viviparous plants. 1889A. R. Wallace Darwinism (1890) 24 The buttercup is replaced by the little poisonous yellow oxalis with its viviparous buds.
b. Characterized by this mode of reproduction.
1802R. Hall Elem. Bot. 196 Viviparous Fructification,..when the rudiment of the germen grows out into leaves. 1906Athenæum 12 May 581 The viviparous habit, now represented by the seedling hanging from the mangrove, was once nearly universal.
Hence viˈviparousness.
1855Spencer Princ. Psychol. I. iv. vii. 575 Creatures having large brains were seen to have other characteristics than that of intelligence: as..viviparousness. |