| 释义 |
▪ I. volute, n.|vəˈljuːt|
[ad. L. volūta voluta, or a. F. volute from the same source.]
1. Arch. A spiral scroll forming the chief ornament of the Ionic capital and employed also in those of the Corinthian and Composite orders.
1696Phillips (ed. 5), Volute, a part of the Capital of the Ionick, Compound, and Corinthian Order. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., There are also eight angular Volutes in the Corinthian Capital. 1753Phil. Trans. XLVIII. 34 On the top is an apex, with a volute on each side. 1789Smyth tr. Aldrich's Archit. (1818) 96 The volutes of the capital were generally by the ancients made elliptic. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 377 To produce graceful effects in the foliage and contour of the volutes. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. I. 174 Complete Doric fronts, with volutes and other decorations foreign to the order. 1879Baring-Gould Germany II. 344 The English capital was circular; the volute disappeared at once.
2. A spiral conformation; a convolution, twist, or turn; a thing or part having a spiral form.
1756in Shenstone's Wks. (1793) I. p. lxiii, The smooth volutes of Ammon's horn. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780), Cagouille, a sort of volute or ornament. 1794Phil. Trans. LXXXV. 93 You may perceive by the drawing that they do not take such beautiful forms and volutes as a fine dry smoke usually does. 1851Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt. xxvii. 203 We carefully pare off the volutes and spikelets [of the cacti]. 1885E. J. Payne in Grove Dict. Mus. IV. 286 The carving of the volute, and the double grooving of its back, are among the most difficult branches of the violin-maker's art. 1895W. J. Hoffman Begin. Writing 129 Near the top of these are short volutes or commas, similar in type to the speech or voice commas.
attrib.1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2714/2 Volute-compasses, a draftsman's compasses in which the legs are gradually expanded, so as to trace a spiral.
3. The spiral shell of a gastropod of the genus Voluta; also, the animal itself.
1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v., The Volute, variegated with two reticulated zones. 1775Phil. Trans. LXV. 238 These anemonies had been found on old volutes, called spindle-shells. 1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. I. ix. 282 The cowries are said to have eyes exhibiting both iris and pupil, as have some volutes. 1847Ansted Anc. World iii. 48 The numerous groups of flesh-eating gasteropoda (the murex, the cone, the volute, the cowry, and many others). 1874J. G. Wood Nat. Hist. 637 When young, the shell is very like that of a volute, having a prominent spire and a rather wide-spreading lip.
▪ II. volute, a.|vəˈljuːt|
[ad. L. volūtus, pa. pple. of volvĕre to roll; or attrib. use of prec.]
Having the form of a volute; forming a spiral curve or curves.
volute spring, volute wheel, are described by Knight Dict. Mech. 2714/2 and Suppl. 931/1.
1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xiii. 288 Another was killed in the act of carrying to its hole a large volute shell. 1847J. Leitch tr. C. O. Müller's Anc. Art §108. 67 The Corinthian capital..was unfolded by an ingenious combination of the volute forms of the Ionic with freer and richer vegetable ornaments. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. vi. (1872) 161 The beautiful volute and cone shells of the Eocene epoch. 1879Prescott Sp. Telephone 302 This plate has a volute spiral groove cut in its surface.
Comb.1862Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 6460, Cast-steel tyres, volute spring buffers. |