| 释义 |
▪ I. † inˈstruct, n. Obs.
[ad. L. instructu-s, in med.L. instruction, prompting, impulse, f. instruct-, ppl. stem of instruĕre: see next.]
Instruction.
1529More Dyaloge i. Wks. 175/1 Yet hath the churche by secrete instructe of god, reiected the remenaunt. 1642Rogers Naaman 3 marg., Vse of instruct.
▪ II. † inˈstruct, ppl. a. Obs.
Also 5–6 instructe, (5 yn-), 6 enstruct.
[ad. L. instruct-us, pa. pple. of instruĕre to instruct. Used as pa. pple. of next, after its introduction.]
= instructed.
1. Educated; taught; informed.
1440J. Shirley Dethe K. James 25 A mane wele ynstructe yn lawe and letture. c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. xliii. 114 Þou shalt come ayen instructe in þinges present & þat are to come. 1485Caxton St. Wenefr. 1 The seid theuith.. also comysed to hym his douȝter for to be instruct & tauȝt. 1533More Answ. Poysoned Bk. Wks. 1098/1 Here might Chryst haue enstruct his disciples the trouthe of the eatyng of his fleshe. 1671Milton P.R. i. 439 Who ever, by consulting at thy shrine, Returned the wiser, or the more instruct To fly or follow what concerned him most?
2. Furnished or equipped with something.
c1470Harding Chron. xlv. ii, Kymbalyne so was..Noryshed at Rome, instructe with cheualre. 1538Starkey England i. ii. 41 So long..as the soule was instructe wyth such vertues as be accordyng to hyr dygnyte. 1615Chapman Odyss. iv. 755 He had neither ship instruct with oars, Nor men to fetch him from those stranger shores.
▪ III. instruct, v.|ɪnˈstrʌkt|
Forms: 5–6 instructe, (6 enstructe, Sc. instruck; pa. tense instruct), 6– instruct.
[f. L. instruct-, ppl. stem of instruĕre to build, erect, set up, set in order, prepare, furnish, furnish with information, teach, f. in- (in-2) + struĕre to pile up, build, etc.: see structure, and cf. F. instruire. The history in Eng. does not correspond with the sense-development in L.]
I.
1. trans. To furnish with knowledge or information; to train in knowledge or learning; to teach, educate.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 117 b, The examples of holy patriarkes, prophetes, apostles..& holy fathers, enstructeth vs dayly. 1534Whitinton Tullyes Offices i. (1540) 70 Plato dyd instructe Dyon a sycilyan. 1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 36 note, Had not the Gospel afore instructed me. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. i. 98 Indeede, I was their Tutor to instruct them. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 3 If we be ignorant, they [the Scriptures] will instruct vs. 1713Addison Cato i. iv, Who like our active African instructs The fiery steed, and trains him to his hand? 1771Wesley Serm. ii. div. i. §6 He..instructs the ignorant. 1838Lytton Alice ii. i, Her heart, perhaps, helped to instruct her understanding.
b. To furnish with knowledge or skill in an art or branch of study; to educate or train in the knowledge of some particular subject; to give methodical teaching to.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. vi. (Percy Soc.) 25 Besechynge her to enstructe me shortely In her noble science. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 5 In comon places of the Cyte of Athenes he instruct and infourmed the peple in such doctrynes. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg., iii. 261 Let him be Instructed there in Rules of Husbandry. 1745Butler Serm. Christ-church Wks. 1874 II. 276 They ought to be instructed and exercised in what will render them useful to society. 1841Borrow Zincali I. iv. ii. 294 Procured a teacher to instruct me in latin.
†c. Const. of, to, with, inf., or clause. Obs.
1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 7 Instructe hem to haue goode eloquence and to escheue alle vanitees. 1529More Dyaloge i. Wks. 123/1 They..were by hym instructed to euerye trewth. 1595Shakes. John iii. i. 68, I will instruct my sorrowes to bee proud. 1611Bible 1 Chron. xv. 22 He instructed about the song, because he was skilfull. ― Isa. xxviii. 26 His God doth instruct him to discretion, and doth teach him. 1628Gaule Pract. The. (1629) 394 That he might instruct him to what he ought. 1749Fielding Tom Jones vi. v, Books which..would instruct you how to hide your thoughts.
†d. To teach (a thing). (Also with indirect personal obj.) Obs.
1623Webster Duchess of Malfi i. i. Wks. (Rtldg.) 62/1 To suspect a friend unworthily Instructs him the next way to suspect you. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 191 The Brahming..very readily teach and instruct the perfect way unto damnation. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. iv. Wks. (1847) 523/1 So perversely then was chastity instructed against the apostle's rule.
2. To impart knowledge to (a person) concerning a particular fact or circumstance; to apprise, inform. Const. † in, of, with, or with subord. clause.
a1500Chester Pl. xiii. 44 Mayster, instruct us in this case, Why this man blynd borne was. 1536R. Beerley in Four C. Eng. Lett. 35 Now y wyll ynstrux your grace sumwatt of relygyus men. 1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 83 Beyng well instructed of his great worthines. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. i. i. 81 A powre I haue, but of what strength and nature I am not yet instructed. 1638Sir. T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 52 Being instructed in the precise time of his Nativity, calculates his fortunes. 1652H. Cogan tr. Scudery's Ibrahim i. v. 103 Instructing my self in the Forms and Ceremonies that are to be observed. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 53 Observations instruct me that they [ants] multiply and increase most in cold clayey soils. 1871Morley Voltaire (1886) 11 There are, as history instructs us, eras of counsel and eras of execution.
b. refl. To acquaint or inform oneself, to acquire information. (= F. s'instruire.)
1611Coryat Crudities Ep. Ded., Any iudicious Reader may by the reading thereof much instruct himselfe with the forme of the Venetian gouernement. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. xi. 289, I was particularly desirous to instruct myself upon this important head.
c. Eng. Law. To give information as a client to a solicitor, or as a solicitor to a counsel; to authorize one to appear as advocate (Wharton's Law Lex. 1883). Cf. instruction 4 b.
1836Dickens Pickw. xviii, Having being instructed by Mrs. Martha Bardell, to commence an action against you for a breach of promise of marriage [etc.]. Ibid. xxxiv, I am instructed to say that it was put in the plaintiff's parlour-window just this time three years.
3. To furnish with authoritative directions as to action (see instruction 4); to direct, command.
1557N. T. (Genev.) Matt. xiv. 8 She beyng before instructed [1535 Coverd. beynge instructe] of her mother sayed, geue me here Iohn Baptist head in a platter. 1605Shakes. Lear v. iii. 29 If thou do'st As this instructs thee, thou dost make thy way To Noble Fortunes. 1607E. Grimstone tr. Goulart's Mem. Hist. 436 After they were thoroughly instructed and informed of their charge..wee sent them. a1715Burnet Own Time i. (1725) I. 5 He was very particularly instructed in all the proper methods to gain upon the King's confidence. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. vii, It was I that instructed my girls to encourage our landlord's addresses. 1800Med. Jrnl. III. 315, I instructed him to take two grains only of the Digitalis daily.
II.
†4. (Chiefly poet.) To put in order, put into form; to form; to ‘inform’; to make ready, prepare, equip, furnish. Obs.
1624B. Holyday Serm. (1626) 29 A body which the breath of the Almighty will instruct with a soule. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 202 Feed him with Herbs, whatever thou canst find, Of generous Warmth; and of salacious kind... Instructed thus, produce him to the Fair. 1718Prior Solomon iii. 658 The Maids in comely Order next advance; They beat the Timbrel, and instruct the Dance. 1726Ayliffe Parergon (J.), They speak to the merits of a cause, after the proctor has prepared and instructed the same for a hearing before the judge. 1774Westm. Mag. II. 654 These point the labour, and reward assign, Direct the batt'ry, and instruct the mine.
5. Sc. Law. To furnish (a statement) with evidence or proof; to confirm by evidence, vouch, verify; to prove clearly.
1681Stair Inst. Law Scot. iv. xv. §5 Thirlage of lands to mills of the Kings property is sufficiently instructed by use of coming to the mill, and paying the insucken multures. 1727P. Walker Life Peden 12 (Jam.) It was also a day of very astonishing apparitions..which I can instruct the truth of. 1755Guthrie's Trial 206 (Jam.) None should charge this sin on themselves or others, unless they can prove and instruct the charge according to Christ's example. 1868Act 31 & 32 Vict. c. 101 §85 An extract retour or decree of general service..instructing the propinquity of such person to the party who died last vest. 1883Law Rep. 9 App. Cases 98 note, If the defender had been able to instruct by evidence the averments he has placed on record. |