| 释义 |
▪ I. intake, n. orig. Sc. and north. dial.|ˈɪnteɪk|
Forms: 6– intack, (6–7 -tacke), 8– intake (Sc. -tak).
[in adv. 11 d; cf. take in, take v.]
1. a. The act of taking in or receiving from outside; that which is taken in, an amount or quantity received internally.
1808–18Jamieson, Intake, the bringing in of the crop. 1854Phemie Millar 161 With her..downright intake in the shape of meat and drink. 1886Stevenson Dr. Jekyll ii. (ed. 2) 22 Mr. Hyde shrank back with a hissing intake of the breath. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 143 Both the oxygen intake and the output of carbon dioxide in normal and fevered animals were compared. 1940Economist 9 Nov. 590/1 Thanks to the heavy intake of raw wool this year..it has been possible to meet military and almost all export requirements without stinting the home consumer. 1955Times 10 May 18/3 The intake of orders for the first four months is higher than ever before. 1971Nature 2 July 63/3 Thus there is the intake and evaluation in one computerized centre of duplicate magnetic tapes from many sources.
b. (One of) a group of entrants to the army, a school, a trade, etc.
a1943B. Webb Our Partnership (1948) ii. 79 It was.. among educational ladders..the most elaborate in its organisation of ‘intakes’ and promotions. 1943Times 10 Dec. 2/1 That is evident from the moment when new intakes arrive and at once are interviewed by the..commanding officer. 1946News Chron. 8 Aug. 1/4 It is understood that they will be part of the new intake of the U.S. Army. 1958Technology May 66/2 The intake pattern can be worked out for transfer at appropriate stages. 1970Nature 28 Nov. 798/1 The school should be functioning by 1975, with an intake of 100 students.
2. (Chiefly north. dial.) A piece of land taken in from a moorland, common, etc.; an inclosure.
[c1330Selby Cartul. II. 14 Ibidem est quoddam yntauk de feodo prædicto quod vocatur le Munkebank.] 1523Fitzherb. Surv. viii. 8 b, The lordes..haue gyuen lycence to dyuers of their tenauntes..to take in newe intackes or closes out of the commens. 1536in Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xxi. §98 (1611) 1022 That all Intacks, Inclosys syth Anno quarto Henrici septimi be pullyd downe. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 28 Wee..keepe them [sheep] togeather in some well fenced place, as..the Newe Intacke in the towne becke. 1787–9Wordsw. Even. Walk 49 When horses in the sunburnt intake stood. 1862Life amongst Colliers 8 A nice garden..led to a ha-ha dividing it from a large pasture, known as the Intack.
attrib. and Comb.1664in Lex Scripta Isle of Man (1819) 150 Poor People, as Cotlers, Intack-holders, Prentices, and the like. 1832Spec. Yorksh. Dial., Te sell t' awd intack barley.
3. The place where water is taken into a channel or pipe from a river or other body of water, to drive a mill, or supply a canal, waterworks, etc. Also attrib., as intake crib, intake tunnel, intake well.
a1800State, Leslie of Powis etc. 157 (Jam.) The water for driving the machinery of said new work is taken from the river above..the cruive-dike..the intake of this water is within the bounds of the cruive-fishing property. 1804W. Tarras Poems 40 (Jam.) Water-wraiths at in-tack drear. 1866Times 8 Aug. 9/5 The first improvement was effected by carrying its intake up the river to Lea bridge. 1887Spectator 9 July 921/1 Riparian towns above the intake of the Water Companies. 1892Chicago Advance 28 Jan., An ice blockade at the port-holes had prevented the passage of the water into the intakes. 1909Daily Chron. 21 Jan. 1/7 A fire which occurred at the construction works of a waterworks intake crib on Lake Michigan. 1909Westm. Gaz. 21 Jan., This new intake tunnel was thrust further out into the lake. 1964R. Perry World of Tiger xi. 160 A tiger had attacked a tapir at a reservoir near Kuala Lumpur, and..both had fallen into the dry ‘intake’ well.
4. a. Mining. The airway by which a current of air is introduced into a mine. Also attrib.
1851Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. 32 Intake, the airway along which the fresh air is conducted into a place, district, or mine. 1867W. W. Smyth Coal & Coal-mining 219 The ‘returns’ are generally made to mount over the intake drifts. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss. s.v., Downcast..is more appropriate for a shaft; Intake for an adit. 1894Westm. Gaz. 23 Aug 7/1 He did not see how it was possible for fire-damp to have accumulated in the main intake air roads.
b. Short for air-intake (air n.1 B. II).
1946Flight 1 Aug. 115/2 (caption) A Heinkel single-jet proposal with the intake between two nacelles. 1959Listener 30 July 164/1 He dealt with the ice that started forming on the engine intakes of the Vickers Vimy machine.
5. A narrowing or abrupt contraction made in the width of a tube, a stocking, etc.; the point at which this is made.
1808–18Jamieson, Intake..2. A contraction, in sewing. 1875McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 14 The monument..after a series of intakes, is formed into a clustered column. 1880Plain Hints Needlework 29 One-third of the foot is the length of the ankle, from the last intake or decreasing.
6. Sc. A ‘take in’, an imposition. Also, one who ‘takes in’, a cheat.
1808–18Jamieson, Intake,..4. A fraud, a swindling trick. 5. A swindler. 18..Edinburgh II. 118 (Jam.) Some even made so bold as to call him an in-tak and an adventurer. 1832Fraser's Mag. V. 2 What was the lottery but an intake? 1860W. Arnot Laws fr. Heaven 281 The counterpart is a terrible truth—it is more cursed to be an intake than to be taken in.
7. attrib. and Comb. (see also 3 and 4 above).
1921Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §449 Intake man, grain intake man (grain milling); at a signal from men on ship, barge, etc., alongside wharf that suction pipe is inserted in grain, starts air pump, which draws up grain through pipe by suction. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 451/2 Intake belt course, a projecting course of stone or bricks, serving as an intake at a place where the thickness of a wall is diminished. 1941B.B.C. Gloss. Broadc. Terms 15 Intake report, analysis summarizing the content of broadcasts directed to listeners in a particular country, in its own language, from a selected number of stations. 1957Times 2 July (Agric. Suppl.) p. vi/2 A typical old barn now houses the grain intake pit, cleaner, pre-dry bin, continuous dryer, and sectional storage bins. 1958U.S. Dept. Agric. Yearbk. 1957 760/2 Intake rate, the rate, usually expressed in inches per hour, at which rain or irrigation water enters the soil. 1961B. Fergusson Watery Maze v. 127 Those ports on the West Coast which had become intake valves for our life's blood from across the Atlantic. 1966Intake chimney [see Cordtex]. 1972Classification of Occupations & Directory Occupational Titles (Department of Employment) III. 478/1 Intakeman (grain, sugar and similar materials). Checks supplies of grain, sugar and similar materials into storage silos, transfers materials to processing departments and maintains stock records.
▪ II. † ˌinˈtake, v. Sc. Obs.
[in-1; see take in, take v.]
trans. a. To take or gather in. b. To take by force of arms, capture.
1572Satir. Poems Reform. xxxiii. 271 Ryue out the Mures; the bestialls gers intak. c1647R. Baillie Lett. (1775) II. 265 Having..no artillery at all fit for intaking any strong house. |