| 释义 |
intemperance|ɪnˈtɛmpərəns|
[a. F. intemperance (Oresme, 14th c.), ad. L. intemperāntia (in senses 1 and 2 below), f. in- (in-3) + temperāntia temperance.]
Want of temperateness; the opposite of temperance.
†1. Intemperateness, inclemency, severity of the air, weather, or climate. Obs.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 291 Knowenge by the planetes the intemperaunce of wedre. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 97 He was sum what dyssesyd and peynyd only by the intemperans of the eyre as in coolde and in hete. 1538Starkey England i. ii. 47 The body, yf hyt be not strong, sone..by intemperance of ayr, labur, and trauayle, ys oppressyd and ouerthrowne. 1676tr. Guillatiere's Voy. Athens 309 That the intemperance of that Wind might produce no rheums. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece ii. xx. (1715) 423 When the Season through its coldness and intemperance forc'd the Mariners to stay at Home. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 40 The Trunk..hinders those Juices from being lost or corrupted..by the Intemperance of the Air.
2. Lack of moderation or restraint; excess in any kind of action; immoderation; spec. excessive indulgence of any passion or appetite.
1547Boorde Brev. Health ccxiv. 73 b, Intemperance is a great vyce, for it doth set every thynge out of order. 1553Brende Q. Curtius viii. 151 b, He..would haue striken Clitus that was yet raging with thintemperaunce of his toung. 1601Munday & Chettle Death Earl Huntington iv. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley VIII. 303 No church nor chapel, abbey, nunnery, Are privileg'd from his intemperance. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 472 Some..by violent stroke shall die,..by Intemperance more In Meats and Drinks, which on the Earth shal bring Diseases dire. 1765H. Walpole Otranto iv. (1798) 71 Your feeling, Isabella, is warm; but..I never knew it betray you into intemperance. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vii. II. 196 But the intemperance of his bigotry was thought amply to atone for the intemperance of all his other passions. 1880Plain Hints Needlework 39 Intemperance in any thing is bad. If young girls will read for several hours consecutively..can they wonder that such intemperance brings its own punishment? 1883S. C. Hall Retrospect I. 246 It will now be difficult to credit the intemperance of language to which he gave way.
b. with pl. An instance of this, an intemperate act or an excess.
1613–18Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 17 Hee inflicted exact punishment on all intemperances of his people. 1807Life Fielding in Tom Jones I. p. xiii, The intemperances of his early parts of life put a check by their consequences, to the progress of his success.
3. spec. Immoderate indulgence in intoxicating drink; addiction to the use of intoxicants.
(In early use always contextually qualified.)
1617Moryson Itin. iii. 156 My protection from large drinking,..and so for that time avoided any great intemperance. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 204 Drank large quantities of punch..and by their intemperance inflamed their blood. 1793Friendly Addr. to Poor 8 Of such men intemperance in drinking is the general fault. 1794S. Williams Vermont 158 The difficulty of procuring a large quantity of this liquor, prevented any general intemperance. 1841Temperance Lancet 18 Sept., To awaken the deadened sensibility of the Christian world to the crying evils of intemperance. 1881Med. Temp. Jrnl. XLVI. 114 It appears then, that intemperance is far more common on the male than the female side. |