| 释义 |
▪ I. intercalate, v.|ɪnˈtɜːkəleɪt|
[f. L. intercalāt-, ppl. stem of intercalāre to proclaim the insertion in the calendar of (a day, etc.), f. inter between, among + calāre to proclaim solemnly: cf. calends. Cf. F. intercaler (1570 in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. trans. To insert (an additional day, days, or month) in the calendar in order to bring the current reckoning of time into harmony with the natural solar year. Also absol.
1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. iii. §6. 256 Intercalating in..each eighth yeare one whole moneth. a1654Selden Table-t. (Arb.) 119 Twas the manner of the Jews (if the Year did not fall out right..) to intercalate a Month, and so to have, as it were, two Februarys. 1812Woodhouse Astron. xliv. 456 To interpose, or to intercalate a day in a month previous to March. 1850Merivale Rom. Emp. II. xx, He writes to his friends at Rome to entreat them to hinder the pontiffs from intercalating in that year.
2. transf.
a. To insert or interpose something additional, extraneous, or out of the ordinary course, between the ordinary members of any series or the successive parts of any whole; to interpolate. Chiefly in pass.
1824J. Johnson Typogr. II. 52 Matter..which is intercalated after the work is gone beyond the proper place for it. 1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 45 It has become necessary to intercalate new groups of an age intermediate between those first examined. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. i. i, Into the body of the poor Tatars execrative Roman History intercalated an alphabetic letter; and so they continue Tartars, of fell Tartarean nature, to this day. 1874Sayce Compar. Philol. ii. 94 A noun of number being actually intercalated into the root itself. 1877R. F. Littledale in Academy 3 Nov. 425/3 Spasmodic episodes of fussy attention, intercalated in habitual neglect.
b. Geol. in pass. pple. Interstratified, interbedded with the original series.
1847–8H. Miller First Impr. xix. (1857) 332 Harder beds of rock, intercalated with the softer ones. 1863A. C. Ramsay Phys. Geog. i. (1878) 15 Marine mud and sand, accumulated bed upon bed, intercalated here and there with strata of limestone.
3. intr. To become part of a sequence or array as an extraneous interpolation; to become intercalated in or inserted into.
1960Ubbelohde & Lewis Graphite vi. 141 The easy exchange that is observed between halogen atoms when iodine monochloride or monobromide intercalate in graphite lends some support to this suggestion. 1970Nature 24 Oct. 322/2 The dye, ethidium bromide, which intercalates into DNA, binds to tRNA chiefly at one site. 1973Sci. Amer. Apr. 22/1 Large numbers of ethidium bromide molecules can intercalate in a nicked duplex loop or a linear duplex.
▪ II. † inˈtercalate, ppl. a. Obs. rare—1.
[ad. L. intercalāt-us, pa. pple.: see prec.]
= intercalated ppl. a.
1690Leybourn Curs. Math. 466 b, They add 5 Intercalate Days at the end of their Year.
▪ III. intercalate, n.|ɪntəˈkæleɪt|
[f. the vb.]
a. An atom or molecule, or a substance, that enters between the layers of the crystal lattice of another substance, esp. graphite. Freq. attrib.
1964Proc. R. Soc. A. CCLXXIX. 291 Fuller understanding of interaction forces between the intercalates and the macro-aromatic molecules is..needed to interpret some highly interesting properties of crystal compounds in the direction of the c axis. 1966Ibid. CCXCI. 332 Short range order within any single layer of intercalate clearly resembles that in a liquid or glass. 1968Ibid. CCCIV. 26 Entry of intercalate molecules from the edge of basal planes of crystallites must be kept sufficiently slow to mitigate mechanical strains..before the intercalate has spread uniformly through any layer. 1971Nature 2 July 43/2 Hindrances to charge wandering across the layers in the c-axis direction of such crystal compounds must depend extensively on the electron affinity and the local repulsion potentials of the intercalate molecules.
b. A compound formed by foreign atoms or molecules entering between the layers of a crystal lattice, esp. of graphite.
1968Proc. R. Soc. A. CCCIV. 26 First sequence intercalates may eventually be formed on saturation. 1969Ibid. CCCIX. 300 For preparing intercalates with quite low anion uptakes..the mounted specimen was actually immersed in concentrated nitric acid. |