| 释义 |
▪ I. interchange, n.|ˈɪntətʃeɪndʒ|
Also 6–7 enter-, (6 -chaunge).
[a. OF. entrechange (Godef.), f. entrechangier: see interchange v.]
The act or fact of interchanging.
1. a. The act of exchanging reciprocally; giving and receiving with reciprocity; reciprocal exchange (of commodities, courtesies, ideas, etc.) between two persons or parties.
1548Ld. Somerset Epist. Scots B j b, What can be more offered and more profered, then entercourse of merchaundises, enterchaunge of mariages. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, v. iii. 99 Ample enterchange of sweet Discourse. 1611― Wint. T. i. i. 30 With enter-change of Gifts, Letters, louing Embassies. 1632Heywood 1st Pt. Iron Age iii. Wks. 1874 III. 309 In hostile enter-change Of warlike blowes. 1791Cowper Odyss. viii. 463 With nimble interchange They pass'd it [the ball] to each other. 1804Earl of Lauderdale Publ. Wealth (1819) 353 Promoting an interchange of commodities betwixt two countries. 1885Manch. Exam. 28 Feb. 6/1 There was a remarkable interchange of courtesies between the two Houses of Parliament to-night.
b. Cytology. Reciprocal exchange of chromosome segments, esp. between non-homologous chromosomes.
1927Jrnl. Genetics XVIII. 198 In other words, chromosomes I and IX seem to have undergone interchange of a terminal segment in the ancestry of the isomorphic B strain. 1963Lewis & John Chromosome Marker i. iii. 66 Individuals which are heterozygous for an interchange are known as interchange heterozygotes. 1968R. Rieger Gloss. Genetics & Cytogenetics 440 An interchange of segments between homologous chromosomes is called ‘fraternal’, while one between nonhomologous chromosomes is called ‘external’.
2. The change of each of two (or more) things, conditions, etc. for the other, or of one thing, etc. for another; the taking by each of the place or nature of the other.
1581T. Watson Centurie of Loue xlix. (Arb.) 85 How faine my soule an interchaunge would make Twixt this her present State and Limbo Lake. 1638Drummond of Hawthornden Irene Wks. (1711) 169 What gain you by your enterchange of war for peace? 1830Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. 318 The experiments..are all perfectly explained by Prevost's theory of reciprocal interchange. 1885Clodd Myths & Dr. i. v. 91 Lower races still ascribe power of interchange to man and brute.
3. Alternate or varied succession in time, order, or space; alternation, vicissitude.
1559Mirr. Mag., Warwick ii, My fame and shame her [Fortune's] shift full oft hath shaked, By enterchaunge alow and vp aloft. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 481 b, As after light, followeth darkenesse, and after Calme come Clowdes: even so the whole course of this lyfe, hath his continuall enterchaunges. 1633Earl of Manchester Al Mondo (1636) 8 In the courses of my life I haue had interchanges: the world it selfe stands upon vicissitudes. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 115 Sweet interchange Of Hill and Vallie, Rivers, Wood and Plaines, Now Land, now Sea. 1847J. Wilson Chr. North (1857) II. 1 How endless the interchange of woods and meadows. 1874Symonds Sk. Italy & Greece (1898) I. v. 87 Red anemones..with interchange of blue and lilac buds.
4. attrib. in reference to the passage of traffic from one railway line to another, as interchange-service, interchange station, etc.
1887Pall Mall G. 14 Apr. 9/1 The fares and rates to be..charged in respect of through booking and interchange service. 1892Daily News 7 June 6/1 Nearly 4,000 persons availed themselves of the interchange station with the Great Eastern Company's Chingford line at Hackney.
5. A road junction designed so that traffic streams do not intersect.
1944Sun (Baltimore) 6 Dec. 7–0 An accident on the Pennsylvania Turnpike near the New Stanton interchange. 1954Hewes & Oglesby Highway Engin. viii. 207 An interchange not only offers grade separation between the two traffic arteries, but in addition provides easy routes for vehicles transferring from one through facility to the other. 1958H. M. Sherrard Austral. Road Pract. xix. 365 Much ingenuity has been displayed in the design of such intersections or ‘traffic interchanges’. 1962Amer. Speech XXXVII. 267 A multilevel freeway interchange. 1967Gloss. Highway Engin. Terms (B.S.I.), Interchange, a general term for a grade-separated junction of roads which provides free flow between them. 1968Listener 29 Aug. 267/3 It was an important junction and interchange. 1970Daily Tel. 14 Nov. 1/7 The Berrygrove interchange of the A41 and the M1. 1973D. Westheimer Going Public ix. 127 A four-mile long..traffic jam..backing up to the San Diego Freeway interchange.
▪ II. interchange, v.|ɪntəˈtʃeɪndʒ|
Also 4–7 enter-, (4 entre-, 5 entyr-), 4–6 -chaunge.
[a. OF. entre-changier to change, disguise (Godef.), f. entre- (inter- 2) + changier, changer to change.]
1. trans. Of two persons or parties: To exchange (commodities, gifts, courtesies, words, etc.) with each other; to give and receive in reciprocity.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 1319 (1368) Sone affter this, spake they of sundry thinges..And pleying enterchaungeden hir ringes. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. ii. Wks. 1170/1 Wyshed I..that wee hadde more often enterchanged words, and parted the talkyng betwene vs. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 70 The sovereignty of either being so great, That oft they interchange each other's seat. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia iv. 142 Then we interchanged presents. 1661Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 140 The texts of the Bible interchange light with one another. 1708J. Philips Cyder ii. 73 Amicable Talk, and moderate Cups Sweetly interchang'd. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 20 There were repeated cheerings and salutations interchanged between the shore and the ship. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ix. II. 543 They..interchanged opinions freely, and interchanged also good offices in perilous times. 1884Contemp. Rev. Oct. 509 The great object now, is not to conquer, but to produce and interchange.
b. Of one person or party: To exchange (something) with another person.
1566Drant Horace, Sat. i. ix. E ij, I thoughte to interchaunge a worde. 1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God iii. xvi. (1620) 121 Soone after perished hee himself, hauing enterchanged a many wounds with his foe. 1673Lady's Call. i. v. §1 It do's in a sort communicate and enterchange properties with him. 1805E. Berry 13 Oct. in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1846) VII. 118 note, I interchanged signals with His Majesty's Ship, L'Aimable. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. i. ii. 49 The Romans interchanged embassies with its sovereign in the reign of..Justin the younger.
2. To put each of (two things) in the place of the other; to transpose or make an exchange between; † also, to exchange (one thing) for another; † to change (clothes).
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. pr. ii. 51 (Camb. MS.) And ther ben folk þat entrechaungen the causes and the endes of thyse forseyde goodes As they þat desyren rychesses to han power and delytes. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, iv. vii. 3 Once more I shall enterchange My wained state, for Henries Regall Crowne. 1676Temple Let. to Sir J. Williamson 3 Apr., Greffier Fagel came to me from the States, to desire me, That I would interchange the Swedish Passports and theirs, which were both in my Hands. 1855Pusey Doctr. Real Presence Note G. 87 Our Saviour interchanged the names: and to the Body gave the name of the symbol, and to the symbol that of the Body. 1861Wright Ess. Archæol. II. xvi. 76 L and r were constantly interchanged in the languages of the middle ages. 1875Ouseley Harmony iii. 52 It is allowable occasionally to interchange dissonant notes in a fundamental discord.
3. To cause (things) to follow each other alternately or in succession; to alternate.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ii. 146 As if they should quarell with God..for that his wil was to haue enterchanged courses betwene winter and sommer, betwene day and nighte. 1600Fairfax Tasso xv. liv, Not as elsewhere now sunshine bright, now showres, Now heat, now cold, there enterchanged weare. 1874Symonds Sk. Italy & Greece (1898) I. i. 9 Some sad and sombre moments should be interchanged with hours of merriment.
b. intr. To alternate with; † to change or become by turns.
1483Cath. Angl. 116/1 To Entyrchaunge, alternor. a1586[see interchanging ppl. a.]. 1626Bacon Sylva §697 Those [Insecta] that Enterchange from Wormes to Flyes in the Summer, and from Flies to Wormes in the Winter. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 611 Quartan ague..occasionally interchanges with dysentery. |