| 释义 |
▪ I. interfere, v.|ɪntərˈfɪə(r)|
Forms: α. 6 entrefyer, 6–7 enterfere, 7 -fear(e, -feer, -feir(e, -faire, -fare, -fayr, -fire. β. 6 interfier, 6–7 -feir, 7 -feer(e, -vere, -fare, -fyre, 7– interfere.
[a. OF. s'entreférir to strike each other, f. entre- inter- 1 b + férir:—L. ferīre to strike; mod.F. has interférer (from English) in scientific use. The forms in -fare, -fire, -vere, etc. are app. popular corruptions arising while the word was only known in sense 1 (which is also given by Cotgr. for the OF. word), but the first of these may have been regarded by some as f. inter- 1 + fare v.1]
1. intr. Of a horse: To strike the inside of the fetlock with the shoe or hoof of the opposite foot (= cut v. 27); to knock one leg against another. Said also of the feet. (Rarely of persons.)
α1530Palsgr. 538/1 My horse entrefyereth all redy, I feare me the jade wyll fayle me, or I come to my journayes ende, mon cheual entretaille desja [etc.]. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 215 My horse to weare greate breeches is now asynde: Why? to kepe him from enterferyng behynde. 1607Markham Caval. vi. (1617) 65 If your horse..doth enterfaire or hew one leg vpon another. 1635Valentine Foure Sea-Serm. 58 The feet of both crosse and enterfeire, and fall foule one with the other. 1684Lond. Gaz. No. 1929/4 She [a mare] enterfears a little behind.
β1578Cooper Thesaurus, Terere calcem calce, In an horse to interfier [earlier edd. enterfier]. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 145 If the horse interfering doe wound himselfe vpon his hinder feet. 1687Lond. Gaz. No. 2290/4 A black..Colt..intervering behind. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Shoeing of horses, For those Hoofs that Interfere [etc.]. 1883Harper's Mag. Oct. 726/1 If he ‘interferes’, there is a multiplicity of boots and pads to protect every irritated point.
2. a. intr. Hence, of things generally: To strike against each other; to come into physical collision; to collide or clash, so as to hamper or hinder each other; to get in each other's way, cross each other's path. Now chiefly in Physics, of waves of light, heat, sound, etc.: To exercise reciprocal action so as to increase, diminish, or nullify the natural effect of each (cf. interference 2). Also in Broadcasting: to transmit a signal which is received simultaneously with the signal sought; to cause or emit interference (sense 5 a).
1613R. Cawdrey Table Alph. (ed. 3), Enterfire, to strike one another. 1620T. Scott God & King (1633) 4 With eyes staring..teeth grating and interfering. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 232 The Atoms being various moved..must needs knock and interfere. 1801T. Young in Phil. Trans. (1802) 35 The reflection from the depressed point will so interfere with the reflection from the fixed point. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. i. 230 Two systems of sonorous waves can be caused to interfere and..to destroy each other. 1904in J. Erskine-Murray Handbk. Wireless Telegr. (1907) x. 179 From 11.27 till noon the receiving ship ‘Hancock’..and the experimental station in building §75..interfered continually. 1928L. S. Palmer Wireless Princ. & Pract. iii. 49 Stations transmitting on the same wavelength but lying in different directions from the receiving station can be prevented from interfering. 1940L. R. Lohr Television Broadcasting iii. 37 If television images were capable of being received beyond the horizon, the received images..would interfere with the transmissions of other stations. 1960Which? Apr. 72/2 Does it [sc. the vacuum cleaner] interfere with radio or TV?
†b. fig. Of persons and things: To come into non-physical collision or contact, to clash in opinions, tendencies, etc. Obs.
a1644Westfield Serm., Ps. cvi. 19–20 (1646) 62 They tell us of divisions among our selves: it is a wonder to see how they interferre, and strike one on another, in the point of worshipping of Images. 1698S. Clark Script. Just. viii. 36 These two Places would enterfere and contradict one another. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. III. lxi. 323 The two republics were not inflamed by any national antipathy, and their interests very little interfered. 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. v. (1852) 137 When public duty and private feeling interfere..then justice calls for punishment.
†3. intr. To run into each other, cross each other's paths; to intercross, intersect. Obs.
1647[see interfering vbl. n.]. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. iii. §38 Though at first there was a reall difference..in their opinions, yet..afterwards they did so interfere amongst themselves, that it is almost impossible to banke, and bound their severall absurdities. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. iii. xi. 154 The Fibres of the Head do so interfere and cross one another, that [etc.]. 1693J. Clayton in Phil. Trans. XVII. 791 The Heads of the Branches of the Rivers interfere and lock one within another. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 258 It is impossible to describe how the sound, crossing and interfering, mingled itself, and the several voices sunk one into another.
4. a. Of things, actions, etc.: To come into collision or opposition, so as to affect the course of.
1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. iii. §5 Where they do not enterfere with the history of Scripture. 1771Junius Lett. lvii. 296 No scruples of conscience to interfere with his morality. 1885F. Temple Relat. Relig. & Sc. vii. 199 It is not the purpose of Revelation to interfere with the course of nature.
b. Of persons: To meddle with; to interpose and take part in something, esp. without having the right to do so; to intermeddle. Also with indirect passive.
1632T. Nash Quaternio 269 Let not the husbandman enterfare with the citizen, nor the citizen with the husbandman. 1782Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. i. 117 He frequently interfered with the disputes. 1846R. W. Dale in Life ii. (1898) 33 Methodists are interfered with in their work. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 370 Cannot you hold your tongue..and no one will interfere with you?
c. Chess. Of a piece: to obstruct the line of action of another piece. (Cf. interference 1 b.)
1913A. C. White Sam Loyd 303 The White pieces can interfere in all kinds of ways with the Black pieces, and the Black pieces can interfere with each other with varied and beautiful results. 1926H. Weenink Chess Probl. 38 It will be noticed that..Re6 in turn interferes with the line of force of the Bg4, shutting off its command of d7 and c8. 1930White & Hume Valves & Bi-Valves 139 The moves of the checking Valve interfere, not..on an actual line of the Black Queen, but on her possible (potential) line of check next move. 1937T. R. Dawson Caïssa's Wild Roses in Clusters vi. 24/2 One Black piece..interferes on two squares on the line of another piece... Each of two Black pieces..interferes with the other.
d. Const. with: to molest or assault sexually.
1948D. Ballantyne Cunninghams (1963) iii. 22 The former Mayor..who was kicked out of his church for interfering with a youngster in a Sunday School class. 1956L. McIntosh Oxford Folly viii. 119 ‘All the girls I used to fall for,’ said Julian, ‘were incredibly beautiful, and as hard as nails. But they tolerated me, because I was much too timid ever to ‘interfere’ with them.’ 1968A. MacLeod Dam v. 51 She had reason to suspect that Sandra had been ‘interfered’ with. 1972Observer 3 Sept. 33/1 In a few cases, like Byron's, a nanny sexually ‘interfered’ with her charge.
5. To interpose, take part, so as to affect some action; to intervene. Const. in.
1743Pococke Descr. East I. iii. i. 133 A Sheik Arab, who lives here, has really all the power, whenever he pleases to interfere. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxviii, Montoni and the rest of the party interfered and separated them. 1794S. Williams Vermont 291 The Governor of New York by letters to them and otherwise interfered in the business. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. viii. (1862) 102 They may interfere in elections by the use of corrupt means to bribe or intimidate the electors. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 29 Parliament interfered to protect employers against their labourers.
6. U.S. Football. To interpose between the player with the ball and a would-be tackler so as to help the former. Baseball. To obstruct a runner between two bases; also, to obstruct a catcher or fielder who is trying to take or throw the ball. (Cf. interference 1 c.)
1920W. Camp Football without a Coach 51 The full-back and the right half must interfere for their companion. 1969Official Baseball Rules 39 The batter..is entitled to first base without liability to be put out..when..the catcher or any fielder interferes with him.
▪ II. † interfere, n. Obs. rare—1.
In 6 enterfyre.
[f. prec. vb.]
The action of interfering: see prec. 1.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §109 Enterfyre, is a sorance, and cometh of yll shoynge, and appereth ofte both behynde and before, betwene the fete agaynst the fetelockes. |