| 释义 |
▪ I. waken, v.|ˈweɪk(ə)n|
Pa. tense and pple. wakened. Forms: 1 wæcnan, wæcnian, 3 waken-en, -in, Orm. waccn-enn, 3–4, 6 Sc. wakne, 3–5 wakin, wakken, wacken, 4 wakan, wakkin, Sc. vakyn, 4–5 wakyn, -on, wackyn, -on, Sc. valkyn, 4–6 Sc. walkyn, 5 waykyn, wokyn (?), 5–6 Sc. walkin, 6 Sc. walkne, valkin, 6–7 Sc. walken, waikin, 8–9 Sc. wauken, dial. wacken, wakken, 3– waken.
[OE. wæcnan (also -wæcnian, ? once wacnian) = ON. vakna (Norw., Sw. vakna, Da. vaagne), Goth. ga-waknan (found only in pr. pple.), f. root *wak- (see wake v.) + -n- suffix of inchoative verbs of state.
The suffix in Teut. verbs of this class was originally confined to the present stem; cf. Goth. fraíhnan, frah, frēhum, also keinan, pa. pple. kijans. The original conjugation in OE. may have been wæcnan, wóc, wócon, *wacen, but the conjugation of wæcnan as a regular weak verb goes back to the earliest known period of the language; in ON. vakna is weak, the strong pa. tense being wanting.]
I. Intransitive senses.
1. To cease to sleep; to become awake. Const. † of (obs.), from, out of (sleep, etc.), to (a state of things, etc.). Also with up. Cf. wake v. 7.
c1300Havelok 2164 So þat he bigan to wakne, And wit hem ful sore to blakne. 1375Barbour Bruce vii. 210 He valknyt, and rais all desaly. c1400Melayne 133 When Charls wakenede of his dreme. c1420Wyntoun Cron. iv. 1167 Þan þe Romanys suddandly wayknyt qwhar þai slepande lay. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxvii. 103 Quhairthrow I walknit of my trance. 1581Rich Farew. (Shaks. Soc.) 166 He bidde her goe againe, and shake her till she did waken. 1616S. S. Honest Lawyer iv. G 3, Whilst thou wakendst with the chimes, Because thou wentst to bed betimes. 1618Fletcher Mad Lover v. iv, Looke with the eyes of heaven that nightlie waken, To view the wonders of my glorious Maker. 1760Impostors Detected iv. vi. II. 211 At that very instant Don Vulpez wakened from his trance. 1787Burns ‘Again rejoicing Nature’ vi, When the lark, 'tween light and dark, Blythe waukens by the daisy's side. 1815Scott Antiq. xxi, An he sleeps in this damp hole, he'll maybe wauken nae mair. 1856C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain ii. x, Etheldred's dream was over. She had wakened to the inside of a Great Western carriage. a1874R. Buchanan Dead Mother 5, I waken'd up in the dead of night.
b. transf. and fig., of inanimate things, etc. † Of a condition, state of things: To come into existence, become manifest or active, be stirred up or aroused; also with up. Of wind: To begin to blow or rage. Cf. wake v. 7 c, e.
Beowulf 85 Ne wæs hit lenge þa ᵹen þæt se ecghete..æfter wælniðe wæcnan scolde. c1200Ormin 12223 All þe flæshess fule lusst Waccneþþ þurrh gluterrnesse. a1225St. Marher. 11 Þu art walle of waisdom, ant euch wunne wakeneð ant waxeð of þe. a1327Pol. Songs (Camden) 152 Ther wakeneth in the world wondred ant wee. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 132 Þay [sc. winds] wakened wel þe wroþeloker, for wroþely he cleped. a1352Minot Poems vi. 10 When all yowre wele es went Ȝowre wo wakkins ful wide. c1400Destr. Troy 2046 Now wackons vp werre as ye shall note after. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 1803 Than bygan to wakken wo. 1597Beard Theatre God's Judgem. (1612) 245 And so though vengeance slept a while, yet at length it wakened. 1634Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 4 It was then a great calm, about an hour, and afterwards the wind wakened. 1839T. T. Stoddart Songs & P. 21 O waken, winds, waken! 1852Thackeray Esmond iii. vii, We forget nothing. The memory sleeps, but wakens again. 1898A. Austin Lamia's Winter Quarters p. viii, When..the fig-tree cressets have flamed to green, And windflower wakened, and tulip blown.
c. Of a person: To become lively, animated, or stirring; usually with up. Also, to become ‘alive’ to (a situation, etc.). Cf. wake v. 7 c.
1825Jamieson, Wauken,..2. To become animated..; as, ‘He wauken't on his sermon’. 1891‘R. Boldrewood’ Sydney-side Sax. xii, The rider going pretty patient like myself, but beginning to waken up. 1899Westm. Gaz. 27 Dec. 2/1 Mr. Collins is wakening to the necessity of a more refined type of Christmas entertainment.
†2. To remain awake, refrain from sleeping, keep watch or vigil; to remain alive. Obs. rare.
1682Bunyan Holy War (1905) 430 And dost thou know why I..do still suffer Diabolonians to dwell in thy walls, O Mansoul? it is to keep thee wakening, to try thy love, to make thee watchful.
II. Transitive senses.
3. To rouse (a person or animal) from sleep or unconsciousness. Also with up. Const. † of (obs.), from, out of (sleep). Cf. wake v. 8.
c1200Ormin 5843, 5845 & o þe þridde daȝȝ itt [the lion's whelp] iss Waccnedd off slæp & reȝȝsedd, Þurrh þatt te faderr gaþ þærto & stireþþ itt & waccneþþ. a1300Cursor M. 14201 Þat i til him weind it es time For to wacken him of his suime. 1375Barbour Bruce vi. 104 Than his twa men in hy send he To warne & walkyn his menȝe. c1400Destr. Troy 681 [She] Waknet vp a wydow, þat hir with dwellit. c1510Douglas K. Hart i. 381 The Quene is walknit with ane felloun fray. 1601Weever Mirr. Mart. B iij b, At length, well wakened from that pleasing slumber. 1611Bible Zech. iv. 1 As a man that is wakened out of his sleepe. 1673Vinegar & Mustard (1873) 23 The paltry cur wakened me last Sunday of a good nap. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxix, May ye a' sleep till the hangman wauken ye. 1853Mrs. Gaskell Ruth xxii, Her dream..was one of undefined terror.. so great that it wakened her up. 1872Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 1034 O Sun, that wakenest all to bliss or pain.
b. fig.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 167 Lord, where slepis þis gode lawe, and when schal hit be wakened? 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iii. vii. 124 Your sleepie thoughts, Which here we waken to our Countries good. 1639Mayne City Match i. v, Fresh as Pygmalions Mistresse newly wakened Out of her Alabaster. 1820Shelley Ode West Wind 29 Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams The blue Mediterranean. 1842Dickens Amer. Notes xi, A loud high-pressure blast; enough, one would think, to waken up the host of Indians who lie buried in a great mound yonder.
4. To rouse to activity, alertness, or liveliness; to stir up, excite. Const. to, † into; to (do something). Also with up. Cf. wake v. 9.
c1400Destr. Troy 3610 Þerfore wackon þi wille into wight dedis. c1400Rule St. Benet (Prose) xxii. 20 Man sal wakin þaim faire til godis seruise. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 166 The men that I led with me to wakyn ȝow to do me resoun. 1549Compl. Scot. xi. 92 God almychty valknit vitht his grace the hartis of ȝour predecessours. 1577St. Augustine's Man. Pref., That when we bee shrunke away, we may bee wakened to run backe agayne to our true God. 1604Jas. I Counterbl. To Rdr. (Arb.) 97 It is the Kings part..to waken them vp againe, to be more diligent in their Offices. 1759Johnson Idler No. 43 ⁋3 It was therefore necessary that this universal reluctance should be counter⁓acted, and the drowsiness of hesitation wakened into resolve. 1851G. Brimley Ess., Wordsw. (1858) 110 Where the vanity of social distinction..wakens the harp of the poet. 1877R. H. Hutton Ess. (ed. 2) I. Pref. 6 It has been the one purpose of all..divine revelation..to waken us up out of this perpetually recurring tendency to fall back into ourselves.
5. To summon into existence, raise, stir up (war, woe, wind, etc.); to kindle (fire, flame); to arouse, excite (an activity, emotion); to evoke (music, sound). Also with up. Cf. wake v. 10.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8558 Now hauy take oure moste fo, Þat haþ vs wakned many wo! 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 323 For I schal waken vp a water to wasch alle þe worlde. c1400Destr. Troy 2274 Yff we wackon vp werre with weghes so fele. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. II. 460 Scho feired that he..suld in Scotland agane be the raiser of a newe bleise, and wakne vp a new flame. a1616Beaum. & Fl. Little Fr. Lawyer v. ii. 16 Speake to that Lion Lord, waken his anger. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 369 They introduce Thir sacred Song, and waken raptures high. 1786Burns Holy Fair xix, It kindles Wit, it waukens Lear. 1838Dickens O. Twist li, What a crowd of emotions were wakened up in his breast. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola I. Proem 16 The sunlight and shadows bring their old beauty and waken the old heart-strains at morning, noon, and even-tide.
6. Scots Law. To revive (a process) which, after calling a summons, has been allowed to ‘sleep’ for a year and a day.
1560Maitl. Club Misc. III. 234 The cause..suscitate and newlie walkynnet. 1569Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 680 The mater being walkynnit of new, and all the partiis comperand personalie. 1609Skene Reg. Maj., Quoniam Attach. c. 55 And then the principall pley (betwix the persewer and the defender) sall be walkned. 1711J. Spottiswoode Forms of Process (1718) 20 In case Protestation has not been sought within Year and Day,..no Protestation can be granted, till the Advocation; which on that Account, is said to be sleeping, be wakened. 1790Collect. Styles III. 195. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. s.v. Wakening.
7. To watch, watch over, keep an eye upon. Sc.
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 12 This ilk Angus in Quhiterne than tuke girth, Quhair he wes walknit all tyme round about, That be no way that tyme he mycht wyn out. 1865Tester Poems 156 (E.D.D.) On summer nichts, wauken the claes Wi' maidens fair.
Hence ˈwakened, ˈwakening ppl. adjs.
c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxvii. 12 But shoote not at me in your wakened hate. 1635D. Dickson Hebr. xii. 24. 304 The wakened Conscience, lying in..feare of the offended Iudge. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. ii. 95 He therefore with a wak'n'd spirit, to the extent of his Fortune dilating his mind. 1813Scott Rokeby ii. i, And the rich dale, that eastward lay, Waited the wakening touch of day. 1817Moore Lalla Rookh, Veiled Proph. i. 166 Ere Peace can visit them, or Truth let in Her wakening day-light on a world of sin! 1892Meredith Poems, Ode Comic Spirit 71 Thou, soul of wakened heads, art armed to warn.
▪ II. waken
obs. form of weaken. |