| 释义 |
▪ I. † wan, n.1 Sc. Obs.
6 pl. wannis, wannys.
[Perh. a subst. use of wan a.1 But cf. wen.]
A dark or livid mark produced by a blow; a bruise.
1533Bellenden Livy (S.T.S.) I. 167 He..had done grete vassalege baith for þe honoure & defence of þe ciete, as weil apperit be sindri wannys & markis in his face and vther partis of his body. 1560Rolland Seven Sages 59 The knicht..fand his sone withouttin wan or wound. 1567Gude & Godlie Ballads (S.T.S.) 32 He it is, quhilk geuis wan and wound, And suddanlie he will mak haill and sound.
▪ II. † wan, n.2 Obs.
Also 7 wanne, 8–9 erron. wand.
[? a. Du. wanne (now wan): see van n.1]
1. A winnowing fan: = van n.1 1.
1615Chapman Odyss. xi. 163 What dost thou with that wanne [Gr. ἀθηρηλοιγόν, winnowing fan], vpon thy necke?
2. The sail of a windmill: = van n.1 5.
Commonly spelt wand, the word being wrongly supposed to be a corruption of wand n.
1766Ann. Reg. 77 The sails or wands of the mill..struck her so violently on the head, as to fracture her skull. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Wan, a corruption of wand. ‘A yardwan.’—‘A mill-wan.’ 1846M. A. Richardson Borderer's Table-bk. V. 97 The wands of the..wind mill..were forced round with such velocity, that by the friction of the machinery, the mill was set on fire. 1876Whitby Gloss., Wands pl., long flexible rods. The sail frames of a windmill.
▪ III. wan, a.|wɒn|
Forms: 1 wan(n, won(n, 3– wan, 3–4 won, 4–5 wane, wonn, 4–6 wann(e, 5 wonne.
[OE. wann (wǫnn), dark, gloomy, black. Not found in any of the other Teut. languages. Its original sense appears to have been ‘dark in hue’, with especially frequent application to things of gloomy unpleasant associations.
Relationships to win v. (OTeut. *winnan to strive, toil, suffer, etc.), or to wound n., or wen, present difficulties of sense-development or form. Relationship to wane etc. is possible (cf. Celtic *wanno-, OIr. fann, Welsh gwan faint, weak, feeble), but association of the two words in later (ME. and ModE.) periods is more probable than ultimate connexion.
In addition to this association the application to heavenly bodies, when obscured, or when compared to others more bright, possibly aided the general application to pale things. The application to the human face etc., when of unwholesome or unusual colour (through various emotions, disease, or death), also provided a possible occasion of sense-change. The senses ‘livid,’ ‘sallow’, and ‘pale, sickly’ are often indistinguishable.]
†1.
a. Lacking light, or lustre; dark-hued, dusky, gloomy, dark. Obs. Chiefly poet.
Beowulf 702 Com on wanre niht scriðan sceadugenga. a1000Boeth. Metr. xi. 61 Hwæt, þa wonnan niht mona onlihteð. c1230Hali Meid. 43 Ant tah is betere a briht iacinct þen a charbucle won. a1300Signs bef. Judgm. 43 in E.E.P. (1862) 8 As fair and briȝte as þou seest ham hi worþ be-com as blak as cole and be of hiwe durke and wan for man-is sin þat hi sul þole. c1400Destr. Troy 303 So dang he þat dog with dynt of his wappon, Þat þe warlag was wete of his wan atter. Ibid. 6000 Mony chivalrous Achilles choppit to dethe: All his wedis were wete of þaire wan blode. c1470Henry Wallace vii. 488 In the furd weill, that was bath wan and depe, Feyll off thaim fell. c1480Henryson Cock & Fox 62 In froist, in snaw, in wedder wan and weit. a1529Skelton P. Sparowe 910 With vysage wan As swarte as tan. 1591Savile Tacitus, Agricola 244 The Ocean bringeth forth pearle also, not orient, but duskish and wanne.
b. esp. in conventional application in poetry to the sea (waves, etc.) or other waters.
The original significance was perh. that of ‘dark-hued’, but the sense often approaches, or is blended with, the next.
In more recent poetry the word is probably (exc. by conscious archaism) to be understood rather as ‘grey, pale’, but the gloomy connotation remains.
Beowulf 1374 Þonon yðᵹeblond up astiᵹeð won to wolcnum. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1598 Myn is the drenchyng in the see so wan. a1400Morte Arth. 492 Wery to the wane see they went alle att ones. c1400Destr. Troy 4633 The storme..walt vp the wilde se vppon wan hilles. c1470Henry Wallace vii. 814 Her is na gait to fle yone peple can, Bot rochis heich, and wattir depe and wan. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. ii. liii, Ouir waters wan, throw worthie woddis grene. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 9 Quhair that tyme almost tha had all bene lost, Throw wan tydis so stark ran by the land. a1780Johnie Cock xvii. in Child Ballads III. 4/1 She'd ha wet her foot ith wan water, And sprinkled it oer my brae. 1865Swinburne Chastelard i. ii. 33 Do you yet mind at landing how the quay Looked like a blind wet face in waste of wind And washing of wan waves? 1865Kingsley Herew. xviii, Looking outside across the wan water for the sails which never came.
†c. Applied to lead, or things compared to it (in colour). Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. xx. (1495) 876 Leed is whyte by kynde though it be wan wythout. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashmole (1652) 56 Colour wan as Lead. 1520Whitinton Vulg. (1527) 2 His lyppes be as wanne as lede. 1653R. Sanders Physiogn. 183 A wan leadish colour.
†2. transf. or fig. Sad, dismal; also awful, fearful, deadly, cruel, wicked, etc. (Cf. uses of dark, gloomy.) Obs. poet.
c1400Destr. Troy 3602 There is no worship in weping, ne in wan teres! c1440York Myst. vii. 38 Me for to were fro warkes wanne. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 407 Gratius God that hes all thing in erd, At his weilding to weill or ȝit wan werd.
†3. Of an unhealthy, unwholesome colour; livid, leaden-hued. Applied esp. to wounds, to the human face discoloured by disease, and to corpses. Obs.
c700Epinal Gloss. 576 Livida toxica: tha uuannan aetrinan. c1375Cursor M. 24470 (Fairf.) Þi bodi is wanne as þou ware dede. 1388Wyclif 1 Pet. ii. 24 And he hym silf bar oure synnes in his bodi on a tre, that we be deed to synnes, and lyue to riȝtwisnesse, bi whos wan wounde ȝe ben heelid. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. xxxviii. (1495) 625 Powder of comyn wel medlyd wyth wexe dooth away wanne colour that comyth of smytynge. Ibid. xix. xxi. 876 Wanne colour betokenyth angwysshe and passion of the herte whyche drawyth inwarde the hete of blood. 1483Cath. Angl. 408/1 Wann.., cerulus, ceruleus, pallidus, liuidus. 15..Dunbar Poems lxxxvi. 35 Thy sone Jhesu, with his woundis wan, Quhilk deinȝeit him for our trespass to de. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 257 And those moost beautyfull & fayre chekes, all bloo & wanne, with buffettes & beatynges. c1560A. Scott Poems xxxiii. 16 Evill lyfe, and langour but releif Off woundis wan. 1570Levins Manip. 20/21 Wan,..liuidus. 1615Sylvester tr. H. Smith's Micro-cosm. 71 The Nobler states with Enuy wan, Without end are torne and tost. 1655Culpepper etc. Riverius ix. ix. 273 If..the wan and deadly color of the Face..be restored, there is hope of Health.
4. a. Pallid, faded, sickly; unusually or unhealthily pale. Most frequently applied to the human face (or to things with conscious metaphor from this application).
a1300Cursor M. 4547 For lene he was, and wan þe face. Ibid. 24471 Þi face es wan as ros vnrede. a1310in Wright Lyric P. vi. 28 Nihtes when y wende ant wake, for-thi myn wonges waxeth won. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vii. 419 Thenne awakyde he wel wan and wolde haue ydronke. c1400Destr. Troy 8034 All wan was the weghe for his wete teres. c1450in Retrosp. Rev. (1853) Nov. 104 On a greene hylle he sawe a tree,..Pale hyt was and wanne of blee. 1530Palsgr. 328/2 Wanne of coloure, palle, yndeux, blesme. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 120 One..opposed Diogenes with this question, for what cause golde looked to the yie somewhat pale and wanne of coloure? 1561T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer iii. (1577) O j, In like manner where shee is somewhat fatter or leaner than reasonable sise, or wanner, or browner, to helpe it with garmentes. 1582Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 77 Theire face wan withred in hunger. 1599Marston Antonio's Rev. Prol. 3 The wan bleak cheek of the numd earth. 1628Gaule Pract. Th. (1629) 360 His Body was now cold, and wanne, stiffe, and still. 1697Dryden æneis iii. 773 So thin, so ghastly meagre, and so wan, So bare of flesh, he scarce resembled Man. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. xiii. 275 The wan and meager countenances of the crew. 1800Coleridge Christabel ii. 621 Why is thy cheek so wan and wild, Sir Leoline? 1803Scott Cadyow Castle xxiii, There, wan from her maternal throes, His Margaret, beautiful and mild, Sate in her bower, a pallid rose. 1829Lytton Devereux ii. v, The hangings were wan and colourless. 1837Dickens Pickw. xlvii, The crowd of wan, emaciated faces. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland 120 Dawn broke at last, wan and blear in the south. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 329 The thickening of the blood in cholera is sufficient to account for the fall of arterial pressure, the diminished size of the pulse,..and the wan appearance of the patient.
fig.1742Gray Eton 68 Envy wan, and faded care. 1747Collins Passions 25 With woful Measures wan Despair Low sullen Sounds his Grief beguil'd. 1883R. W. Dixon Mano i. viii. 23 Why failed his thoughts to pierce the wan regret Of love within that look?
b. esp. in phr. pale and wan (wan and pale).
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 551 He for wo was pale and wan. 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys, St. Faith 375 Bryht of ble He was & of colour neþir pale ne wan. 1513Douglas æneis ix. xiii. 4 Thar feris fleand pail and wan haue thai sene, And thar cheif ennemy closyt in thar wallis. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. iii. 90 Why doth your Highnes looke so pale and wan? 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xi. 22 As pale and wan as ashes was his looke. 1601Holland Pliny xxviii. ix. II. 321 Drusus sometimes a Tribune of the Commons in Rome, dranke (as it is reported) Goats bloud, to make himselfe look pale and wan in the face. 1679in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 333 He was grown pale, wan, lean and long-visaged. 1736Ainsworth Eng.-Lat. Dict., Blank (pale and wan), pallens, pallidus. 1812J. Wilson Isle of Palms i. 675 Yea, many a visage wan and pale, Will hang at midnight o'er my tale. 1867M. E. Braddon R. Godwin i, Clara Westford's noble face is pale and wan this sunny morning.
c. a wan smile, a faint or forced smile (as of one sick or unhappy).
1877Mrs. Forrester Mignon I. 217 With a wan smile as she sees her friend's grieved face. 1896Conan Doyle Exploits Gerard v. (1903) 190 ‘But,’ he added, with a wan smile, ‘my Lenten fare is always somewhat meagre’.
d. Applied to the (light of) heavenly bodies, etc.: Faint, sickly, partially obscured. Also, of white objects, etc.: Dull, lustreless.
1601Holland Pliny ii. xxx. I. 17 In the warres of Antonie, the Sunne continued almost a yeere long with a pale and wan colour. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. xi. i, The Moon grows wanne, and starres flie all away, Whom Lucifer locks up in wonted folds. 1667Milton P.L. x. 412 The blasted Starrs lookt wan. 1771Beattie Minstr. i. xxv, Ye mildews wan. 1798Wordsw. Night-piece 3 The sky is overcast..Heavy and wan, all whitened by the Moon. 1861J. Thomson Ladies of Death xxii, Moonless nights when stars are few and wan. 1873W. Black Pr. Thule xxv, There were wan glimmerings of sunshine across the sea. 1889Bridges Sonn. lvii, In autumn moonlight, when the white air wan Is fragrant in the wake of summer.
†e. Of colour: ? Pale, light. Obs.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 3 b, Whose interchanged greene colour resembleth almost the wan and yelow colour of Golde.
5. absol. (quasi-n.) Wan hue, wanness. poet.
1821J. Baillie Metr. Leg., Lady G. Baillie iv, She saw a faint glow tinge the sickly wan. 1847Tennyson Princess iii. 9 Melissa, tinged with wan from lack of sleep.
6. Comb.: chiefly parasynthetic, as wan-coloured, wan-faced, wan visaged; also complementary and advb., with pples., as wan-looking, wan-silvering, wan-worn; rarely qualifying other adjs. descriptive of colour, as wan-sallow, † wan-white; wanwood, faded or decaying woodland (nonce-wd.).
1820Wodarch Introd. Conchol. 12 Which..seldom exhibits any other appearance than that of a livid or *wan-colored surface.
1881‘Rita’ My Lady Coquette x, It is a sorrowful, *wan-faced girl. 1913Blackw. Mag. Aug. 281/1 Wan-faced men and towsel-haired women.
1882‘Ouida’ Maremma I. 58 Wasted and *wan-looking folks.
1872Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 443 A man of mien *Wan-sallow as the plant that feels itself Root-bitten by white lichen.
1849Lytton K. Arthur v. i, *Wan-silvering through the hush, the cresset shone O'er the arch seer.
1508Dunbar Flyting 101 *Wan wisaged widdefow, out of thy wit gane wyld.
c1530Judic. Urines iii. xix. 61 And sume Auctours saye that *wan⁓whyte colour in vryn..sheweth begynnyng of digestyon.
c1880*Wanwood [see leafmeal s.v. leaf n.1 18].
1609W. Barlow Answ. Nameless Cath. 141 To haue her painting wiped from her riueld browes and *wan-worn cheeks.
▪ IV. wan, numeral a., pron. etc.|wɒn, wan|
[See one numeral a., pron., etc.]
Repr. dial. pronunc. of one.
1651[see one numeral a., pron., etc. A. γ]. 1802in G. Fraser Lowland Lore (1880) 70, I ame to Give to him..wan half of Corn. 1880L. Parr Adam & Eve II. ix. 191 'Twas past wan. 1907G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island iv. 81 Larry cleared six yards backwards at wan jump. 1920F. P. Dunne Mr. Dooley on making a Will 4 'Twud grieve me if some wan broke into song at th' news. a1966‘M. na Gopaleen’ Best of Myles (1968) 47 If wan is up, all has to be up. 1973Black World Sept. 64 Di ripes juices fruit is di wan Dat stan longer in di sun. 1973‘J. Patrick’ Glasgow Gang Observed vii. 70 He's the wan they're really efter. 1979Bull. Yorks. Dial. Soc. Summer 14 Wan mornin t schooilmaister wor ill.
▪ V. wan, v.|wɒn|
Inflected wanned, wanning. Also 3 wonne.
[OE. wannian, f. wan a.]
†1. intr. To become dark, discoloured, or livid.
c1000Vercelli MS. 23 b/7 Þonne wannað he & doxaþ; oðre hwile he bið blæc & æhiwe. c1230Hali Meid. 35 Þine ehnen schulen doskin & under þon wonnen. a1400–50Wars Alex. 4142 Þe son wadis, Þe werd wannes at a wap & þe wedire gloumes. Ibid. 4627 Quen it [gold] walows & wannes all oure thestres, Ȝet ere we toghid to & fra be turnyng of eldris.
2. To grow pale. poet.
1582Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 118 Al her visage waning with murder aproching [L. pallida morte futura]. 1599Marston Ant. & Mel. iii. (1602) E 4, I haue a good head of haire, a cheeke Not as yet wan'd. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 580 (Q 1604) Is it not monstrous that this player heere..Could force his soule so to his owne conceit That from her working all the visage wand [Folio warm'd]. 1847Tennyson Princess iv. 142 Psyche flush'd and wann'd and shook. 1855― Maud i. i. iii, And ever he mutter'd and madden'd, and ever wann'd with despair. 1866Conington æneid iv. p. 128 The queen,..wanning o'er with death foreseen. 1901Henley Hawthorn & Lavender xlvi. 62 And by and by The wide-winged sunset wanned and waned. 1906F. Thompson To English Martyrs 18 The troubled heavens do wan with care.
3. trans. To make pale.
1889in Cent. Dict. 1903Hardy Dynasts I. i. iii. 16 The grey glooms of a ghost-eyed despondency Wanned as with winter the national mind. 1938W. de la Mare Memory 96 Miracle..That starry flake Can of its myriads Such wide pastures make, For sun to colour, And for moon to wan.
Hence wanned ppl. a., ˈwanning vbl. n.
a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. 683 Whoom deth soo stern wyth his wannyd hewe Hath now pursuyd. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. i. 21 All the charmes of Loue, Salt Cleopatra soften thy wand lip. [1818: see waned ppl. a.] 1888Longman's Mag. Feb. 392 Many [actors] assert that the ‘wanning’ of the visage is a common..accompaniment of imagined terror.
▪ VI. wan
see wand n., when, whenne, whom, win v., wone n. |