| 释义 |
▪ I. intonation1|ɪntəʊˈneɪʃən|
[n. of action from med.L. intonāre to intone: cf. F. intonation (14th c. in Godef. Compl.).]
1. In Church Music. The opening phrase of a plain-song melody, preceding the Reciting-note, and usually sung either by the priest alone, or by one or a few of the choristers; the recitation of this. In quot. 1620 fig.
1620Brent tr. Sarpi's Hist. Counc. Trent (1676) 673 It was replyed that he might have suffered others to make the intonation, and not to have been the Author himself of that prejudice. 1696Phillips (ed. 5), Intonation, the giving the Tune or Key by the Chanter to the rest of the Quire. 1852Hook Ch. Dict. (1871) 399 Intonation is, properly speaking, the recitation by the chanter..of the commencing words of the psalm or hymn, before the choir begins. 1880W. S. Rockstro in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 12 Some of the most important Intonations in general use are those proper to the Gregorian Tones. Ibid., Handel, in ‘The Lord gave the word’, from ‘The Messiah’, uses the Intonation of the First Tone, transposed a fourth higher, with wonderful effect.
2. The action of intoning, or reciting in a singing voice: esp. the musical recitation of psalms, prayers, etc. in a liturgy, usually in monotone.
1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlviii, The conspirators..expected, as the signal of murder, the intonation of the first psalm by the emperor himself. 1794Mathias Purs. Lit. (1798) 233 Her bolder notes the willing muse should swell In lyrick intonation grave and deep. 1795Mason Ch. Mus. ii. 90 These were all sung not merely in simple intonation or chaunt, but in this mode of figurate discant. 1862F. Hall Hindu Philos. Syst. 68 The recitation and intonation of hymns of praise from the Veda.
3. The utterance or production (by the voice, or an instrument, etc.) of musical tones: in reference to manner or style, esp. to exactitude of pitch or relation to the key or harmony.
fixed intonation, that of instruments, such as keyboard instruments, in which the pitch of each note is fixed, not variable at the will of the performer.
1776Burney Hist. Mus. I. Pref. 14 The Organ..has it no imperfections? Yes. It wants expression and a more perfect intonation. 1845E. Holmes Mozart 104 She has a beautiful voice—neither strong nor weak, but very pure and good in the intonation. 1874Symonds Sk. Italy & Greece (1898) I. xiv. 294 A most extraordinary soprano..and true to the least shade in intonation. 1878Grove's Dict. Mus. I. 459 On instruments of fixed intonation C × = D ♮ [etc.].
attrib.1852Seidel Organ 137 To set a pipe right again which has been bent,..use an intonation-iron.
4. Manner of utterance of the tones of the voice in speaking; modulation of the voice; accent.
1791T. Newte Tour Eng. & Scot. 201 The people of Inverness..are not only free from that unfortunate intonation of Aberdeenshire..but speak the English language with greater purity than they do in any other part in Scotland. 1843Lytton Last Bar. i. ii, There was a marked distinction in the intonation, the accent, the modulation of voice. 1873Black Pr. Thule (1874) 4 That peculiar and pleasant intonation that marks the speech of the Hebridean who has been taught English in the schools. 1935M. Schubiger Role of Intonation in Spoken Eng. 2 Word-order can remain unaltered, and then the different intonation, the rising instead of the falling tune, is the sole bearer of the interrogative relation. 1965W. S. Allen Vox Latina 6 It is important to distinguish tone from intonation. The former refers to the pitch-patterns operative within individual words, whereas ‘intonation’ refers to the pitch-pattern operative over the whole clause or sentence.
5. attrib. and Comb., as intonation change, intonation morpheme; intonation contour, a succession of levels of pitch extending over an utterance; intonation curve, the rising and falling of pitch within an utterance; intonation pattern, a pattern of variations in pitch; intonation phoneme = intoneme; intonation tune (see quot. 1964); intonation turn, the point, usually at a prominent part of an utterance, at which the intonation rises or falls.
1964C. Barber Present-Day Eng. iii. 50 There are intonation-changes inside the syllable which require a certain length of vowel to manifest themselves.
1946K. L. Pike Intonation Amer. Eng. iii. 20 All speakers of the language use basic pitch sequences in similar ways under similar circumstances. These abstracted characteristic sentence melodies may be called Intonation Contours. 1960[see attitudinal a.]. 1964R. A. Hall Introd. Ling. xix. 114 An intonation contour does not..make any difference in the ‘dictionary meaning’ of an utterance. 1970Intonation contour [see contour n. 1 e].
1936H. Mulder Cognition & Volition in Lang. ii. 65 Wishes, commands, and questions introduced by interrogative pronouns, can be communicated on the same intonation-curve as plain statements. 1965Language XLI. 498 In refusing to consider intonation-curves as subject to division into significant units, Martinet alleges that every modification..of a melodic curve brings with it a corresponding modification of meaning.
1953Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Ling. XIX. ii. Suppl. 29 Hjelmslev requested a metalinguistic analysis of the English intonation morphemes which Smith had demonstrated earlier so as to make clear the difference between differential meaning and the meaning in general of the intonation patterns. 1966G. N. Leech Eng. in Advertising ii. 18 The relationship of apposition between elements is marked in speech by tone-concord, or equivalent intonation patterns on each element. 1971D. Crystal Ling. Interlude 134 A noun phrase may not have any separate intonation pattern at all.
1948Intonation phoneme [see intoneme].
1934J. J. Hogan Outl. Eng. Philol. i. v. 31 Its [sc. a verse's] accompanying intonation-tune suffers modification by the regular tune which is what the line always retains of its character as a sentence or clause. 1964R. H. Robins Gen. Ling. iv. 148 Intonations or intonation tunes, as they are often called, are regular sequences of pitch differences coextensive with a whole sentence or with successive parts thereof, and constituting an essential feature of normal spoken utterance.
1935M. Schubiger Role of Intonation in Spoken Eng. 9 If the psychological predicate consists of several words the most important gets the intonation turn.
Hence intoˈnational a., relating to intonation; intoˈnationally adv., in an intonational manner.
1895J. Osgood in Forum June 503 The misused intonational ‘twist’, technically noted as the circumflex inflection. 1949E. A. Nida Morphol. (ed. 2) 62 In English the sentence-final glides which follow the last intonationally stressed syllable constitute morphemes. 1952Trans. Philol. Soc. 91 Differences of intonational relationship between stem and ending. 1957Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xxviii. 6 We might start intonationally with Qs [sc. questions] classed as upmoving and downmoving. 1958C. F. Hockett Course in Mod. Ling. 45 Certain types of speech..show..a total loss of intonational contrasts. 1964R. H. Robins Gen. Ling. iii. 112 The different ways in which pitch differences are exploited intonationally and tonally. Ibid. iv. 149 In English..stressed syllables carry more intonational weight than unstressed syllables. 1971D. Crystal Ling. 133 The intonational movement over the noun phrase as a whole must be indicated.
▪ II. intoˈnation2 rare—0.
[n. of action from intonate v.1]
A thundering; a roaring or rumbling as of thunder.
1658Phillips, Intonation, a thundering or making a terrible noise. 1755in Johnson. 1855Mayne Expos. Lex., Term applied to the gurgling noise produced by the movement of flatus in the bowels: intonation. |