| 释义 |
wapentake Now Hist.|ˈwɒp(ə)nteɪk|
Forms: 1 wǽpenᵹetæc (dat. -tace), wǽpentake, wapentac, 3 -tak, 4 wapne-, wepentake, 5 wapyntak, 5–7 wapentache (5 -tage, 7 weapontack, -tage), 6–7 wapentack, (8 -tac), 6–8 wappentake, (6 wapintake, 8 waking take), 4– wapentake; (5 wepyntale, -taille).
[a. ON. vápnatak, f. vápna genit. pl. of vápn weapon + tak act of taking (related to taka to take). The late OE. wǽpenᵹetæc shows assimilation of form to native compounds like wǽpenᵹewrixle exchange of blows.
The recorded senses of the word in ON. are: (1) a vote of consent expressed by waving or brandishing weapons; (2) a vote or resolution of a deliberative assembly; (3) in Iceland, the breaking up of the session of the Althingi, when the members resumed their weapons that had been laid aside during the sittings. In English there is no trace of these senses, and the development of the actual sense can only be explained conjecturally. It is noteworthy that ‘wapentakes’, like ‘hundreds’, often received their names from some natural or artificial object (e.g. a barrow or a tree) which afforded a suitable rallying-place for open-air meetings. Assuming that in England wapentake originally meant the act of signifying assent at a public assembly, it seems not improbable that the men of the district whose place of meeting was (e.g.) at Osgod's Cross might be said to belong to ‘the wapentake of Osgod's Cross (Osgoldcross)’; the use of the word to denote a territorial division would thus be sufficiently accounted for.]
A subdivision of certain English shires, corresponding to the ‘hundred’ (hundred 5) of other counties.
The shires which had divisions so termed were Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Notts, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, and Leicestershire; in all of which the Danish element in the population was large. In Derbyshire there was latterly only one wapentake (that of Wirksworth), the other divisions of the shire being termed ‘hundreds’. In Lincolnshire most of the county divisions were ‘wapentakes’, but a few were called ‘hundreds’ and ‘sokes’. Traces of the existence of the term remained in popular use in other counties, as Cheshire and Cumberland into the 20th cent.
c1000Laws of Edgar iv. c. vi. (Lieberm.), & ælc mon mid heora ᵹewitnysse bigcge & sylle ælc þara ceapa, þe he bigcge oððe sylle aþer oððe burᵹe oððe on wæpenᵹetace. c1000Laws of Ethelred iii. c. i. §2 (Lieberm.) On wæpentake. 1086Domesday Bk. (1783) I. 272 Derbyscire... Scarvedele Wapentac... Hammenstan Wapent̃. Ibid. 290 Snotinghamscire... Brocolvestov Wapent̃. Bernesedelav Wap̃. Ibid. 315 Evrvicscire... Siraches Wapentac. a1325MS. Rawl. B. 520 lf. 46 On þusse manere sullen þe enquerours gon fram wapnetake to wapnet[ake]. 1326Rolls of Parlt. II. 10/1 Et qe nule Baillie, ne Hundred, ne Wapentake, ne soit lesse a plus haut ferme qe les auncienes fermes. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 145 Þe bisshop of Durham bouht Saberg, with þe wapentake. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 97 Wepentake and an hondred is al oon, for þe contray of an hondred townes were i-woned to ȝilde vppe wepene in þe comynge of þe lord. c1400Brut i. 235 Kyng Edward [sc. Edw. II]..by his lettres ordeynede, þat euery hundred & wapentache of Engeland [etc.]. 1444Rolls of Parlt. V. 110/1 That no Shirref lete to ferme..his Counte, ne noon of his Baillywykes, Hundreth' ne Wapentakes. 1556in Pettus Fodinæ Reg. (1670) 95 The custom of the Mines within the Wappentake of Wricksworth. 1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe 6 All the hundreds and wapentakes nine miles compasse, fetch the best of their viands and mangery from her market. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 90 There is in every shiere soe many ridinges, in everie ridinge soe many weapontackes. 1665J. North in Extr. S.P. rel. Friends iii. (1912) 234 To ympannell a Jury out of that weapontage out of such Townes, as are not within Doncaster liberty. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 183 Richmondshire has in it 5 waking takes as they call them. 1717Gay Ep. to Lowndes 12 Great L― his praise should swell the trump of fame And Rapes and Wapentakes resound his name. 1769Ann. Reg. 66/2 One of the high constables of Osgoldcross was indicted for extorting..1250l. from twenty-five townships belonging to his wapentake. 1797Brydges Homer Trav. I. 119 As for these various ragged packs Of rogues from different wapentakes. 1836Penny Cycl. V. 238 The petty sessions for the wapentakes of Kirton and Skirbeck are held every Wednesday. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 161 Nottinghamshire is divided into 6 wapentakes or hundreds. 1914Victoria Hist. County York I. 36 The Wapentake of Gilling West containing the parishes of [etc.]... This wapentake was held by the successive lords of Richmondshire, which it followed in descent.
b. The judicial court of such a subdivision.
14..Customs of Malton in Engl. Misc. (Surtees) 59 Yffe any man..be sommonyd..to the wapyntak. 1611Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. i. xxx. §4. 57 Aboue this, and held 12 times a yeare, was our Hundred or Wapentake. 1676Lond. Gaz. No. 1095/4 If any person or persons shall apprehend..the said Robbers, and give notice thereof to the Wapentack of Aslaccoe in the County of Lincoln..they shall have 50 l. reward. 1809Bawdwen Domesday Bk., York etc. 473 This belonged to St. Benedict of Ramsey, according to the testimony of the jurors of the wapentake [L. testimonium hominum de Wapentac]. 1898B. Kirkby Lakeland Wds. s.v., ‘If he doesn't pay up Ah'll set t' wapen-tack on tull him.’ This officer is reported to have existed in the town of Kendal till as late as 1836.
c. attrib.: wapentake court, wapentake fine.
1543Fountains Abbey (Surtees) I. 407 Paid to the exchetor..for Wapin take fyne callyd castle worke, iijs. iiijd. 1658R. Hubberthorn Sufferings for Tythes 13 William Iackson for tythes of ten shillings value, had sixteen shillings taken by a judgment in the Weapontage-Court. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. v. §46 This court, the hundred-gemot or wapentake court, was held every month. |