| 释义 |
▪ I. invalid, a.1|ɪnˈvælɪd|
Also 7 -ide.
[ad. L. invalid-us not strong, infirm, weak, inadequate; f. in- (in-3) + validus strong.]
Not valid.
†1. Of no power or strength; weak, feeble. Obs.
1635J. Gore Well-doing Ded. 1 The beames of the Moone are too weake and too invalid to ripen a tender grape. 1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋281 If a remedy be invalid and not able to charge a disease. 1708Brit. Apollo No. 14. 2/2 His Studies are barren, invalid his Pains. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 476 As though..the proportions belonging to the organ whose outlet is invalid, were distributed among the other organs.
2. Of no force, efficacy, or cogency; esp. without legal force, void.
1635J. Swan Spec. M. ii. §3 (1643) 33 The Chaldee Paraphrast..is so much the more invalid. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. xiv. 70 A Covenant to accuse ones selfe, without assurance of pardon, is..invalide. 1656Bramhall Replic. viii. 340 That which was invalid from the beginning, cannot become valid by prescription or tract of time. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. vi. 84 The privileges granted therein..were of so high a nature, that they were held to be invalid. 1837–8Sir W. Hamilton Logic xxi. (1866) I. 427 The inference, though valid in itself, is logically,—is scientifically, invalid. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. xiv. (1862) 202 The marriage with Catherine was declared invalid in the face of the whole facts of the case. 1874Sidgwick Meth. Ethics xiii. 352 His method will be declared invalid.
▪ II. invalid, a.2 and n.|ɪnvəˈliːd, ˈɪnvəliːd, -lɪd|
Also -ide.
[f. as prec., with modification of pronunciation after F. invalide (1549 in R. Estienne), ad. L. invalidus.
The early pronouncing Dictionaries (e.g. Bailey 1727) give this as inˈvalid; so that it appears to have been orig. only a special sense of invalid a.1, conformed in 18th c. in stress (rarely in spelling) to F. invalide. Invaˈlides (rime deeds) occurs in Prior (a 1721), and J. 1755 has invaˈlide, as n. Webster 1828 has ˈinvalid, and this pronunciation (given in most American Dicts.), is commonly heard in England also, esp. in attrib. use, as ‘an invalid sister’.]
A. adj. Infirm from sickness or disease; enfeebled or disabled by illness or injury. Now only as attrib. use of the n.
1642Jer. Taylor Episc. (1647) 150 Narcissus Bishop of Ierusalem, was invalid and unfit for government by reason of his extreame age. 1696Phillips (ed. 5), Invalid,..wounded, maimed, sickly. 1714Lond. Gaz. No. 5193/4 Sir John Gibson's Company of Invalid Serjeants. 1748Lady Luxborough Lett. to Shenstone 12 Dec., Because of the death and burial of one of the invalid servants. 1756–82J. Warton Ess. Pope (ed. 4) I. vii. 371 Men that were..grown invalid with age and thereby past all military action. 1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. viii. 263 That the donkey exists in order that the invalid Christian may have donkey's milk. 1869Sir J. T. Coleridge Mem. Keble viii. 140 His invalide and suffering sister.
B. n.
1. An infirm or sickly person.
1709Tatler No. 16 ⁋2 Bath is..always as well stow'd with Gallants as Invalids. 1748Lady Luxborough Lett. to Shenstone 23 Aug., It is well I am an invalid. 1775A. Adams in J. Adams' Fam. Lett. (1876) 126 'Tis late for me, who am much of an invalid. 1808Pike Sources Mississ. ii. (1810) 199 Thus those poor lads are to be invalids for life. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xviii. 71 He was for years a miserable invalid.
b. transf. and fig. Anything damaged, dilapidated, or the worse for wear.
1860W. H. Russell Diary in India I. x. 158 The carriages were old second-class invalids of English lines.
2. A soldier or sailor disabled by illness or injury for active service; formerly often employed on garrison duty, or as a reserve force.
1707J. Chamberlayne Pres. St. Gt. Brit. iii. 672 Her Majesty's Royal Hospital at Chelsea..26 Officers, 32 Serjeants..and 336 Private Soldiers, Invalides. 1715Lond. Gaz. No. 5310/3 The invallids of each Regiment. 1731Gentl. Mag. I. 355 ― Dobson, Gent. made Ensign of an independent Company of Invalids in Garrison at Portsmouth. 1748Anson's Voy. i. i. 6 Five hundred invalids to be collected from the out-pensioners of Chelsea college. 1808Forsyth Beauties Scotl. V. 139 Fort Charlotte..is garrisoned by a small detachment of invalids. 1840Marryat Poor Jack xxxv, There was the sergeant of the invalids.
b. Invalides, the Hôtel des Invalides, a hospital or home for old and disabled soldiers in Paris.
a1721Prior Written in Mezeray's Hist. ii, Yet for the fame of all these deeds, What Beggar in the Invalides,..Wish'd ever decently to die? 1833Alison Europe (1849–50) I. iv. §97. 535 The invalids in the garrison of the Invalides refused to point their guns on the people.
3. attrib.
a. (See A.)
b. Of or for invalids.
1822M. Edgeworth Let. 28 May (1971) 402 Her own invalid breakfast as she called it, a glass of Seltzer-water and milk! 1845Stocqueler Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 198 Persons belonging to the invalid establishment. 1847Thackeray Van. Fair (1848) xli. 375 Sir Pitt's invalid-chair was wheeled away into a tool-house in the garden. 1859Dickens in N.Y. Ledger 27 Aug. 5/5 The hand-carriage was spinning away..at a most indecorous pace for an invalid vehicle. 1861Mrs. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. 893 (heading) Invalid cookery... A few rules to be observed in cooking for invalids. 1862Illustr. London News 1 Nov. 473/1 An elongated invalid-chair is shown which is capable of being arranged as an ordinary easy-chair and of being extended into a camp bedstead. 1873C. M. Yonge Pillars of House I. iii. 38 Wilmet could..do invalid cookery. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1193/2 The invalid-chair which has traveling arrangements is known as a perambulator. 1876C. M. Yonge Three Brides II. xiv. 259 He diverged to the invalid-carriage he had secured. 1880Invalid furniture [see carrying-chair (carrying vbl. n. 4)]. 1893Daily News 27 Mar. 5/5 Each year,..about October, certain sailing vessels which have the name of being ‘invalid ships’ leave England for Australia. 1899Price List. Invalid furniture of every description. Invalid feeding cups. 1902‘Mark Twain’ Let. 23 Oct. in C. Clemens Mark Twain (1932) 95 We brought Mrs. Clemens through successfully in an invalid car. 1911Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 27 Apr. 6/1 (Advt.), Wiese & Brohn's Oporto Invalid Port, best on the market. 1934T. S. Eliot Rock i. 15 And political religion is like invalid port: you calls it a medicine but it's soon just a 'abit. 1953‘N. Blake’ Dreadful Hollow i. ii. 28 She's got an electric invalid-carriage. 1967Guardian 12 June 6/4 As an Oxford undergraduate with a muscular dystrophy, I am grateful for a Ministry of Health invalid tricycle. 1972K. Bonfiglioli Don't point that Thing at Me i. 1 Invalid Port of an unbelievable nastiness. 1972Guardian 4 Sept. 11/8 The middle-aged spina bifida sufferer who, after having saved to buy an invalid car, lost his job.
▪ III. invalid, v.1 Now rare.|ɪnˈvælɪd|
[f. invalid a.1: cf. F. invalider (R. Estienne, 1549), and invalidate v.]
trans. To render invalid; to invalidate.
1643Prynne Sov. Power Parl. i. (ed. 2) 42 Ergo this unlawfull Action of theirs..must nullifie, or at least invalid..the lawfull proceedings of those worthy faithfull members who continue in it. 1660Trial Regic. 180 If you have any⁓thing to say to invalid these witnesses. 1727Philip Quarll 143 A way to invalid her Deposition. 1827O. W. Roberts Centr. Amer. 171 If I assisted in repulsing her, I would, in some measure, invalid that impression.
▪ IV. invalid, v.2|ɪnvəˈliːd, ˈɪn-|
Also 9 -ide.
[f. invalid a.2]
1. trans. To affect with disease or sickness; to make an invalid; to ‘lay up’ or disable by illness or injury. (Chiefly in pass.)
1803Beddoes Hygëia ix. 208 To avoid being incommoded and invalided. 1837P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 123 The Queen..was invalided at Windsor. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xx. i. (1872) IX. 14, 200 of Daun's men died..300 more were invalided for life. 1898Dict. Nat. Biog. LIV. 83/1 Receiving some severe wounds, which invalided him several months.
2. To enter on the sick-list, to treat as an invalid; to report (a soldier or sailor) as unfit for active service; to remove or discharge from active service on account of illness or injury.
1787Nelson 8 Feb. in Nicolas Disp. (1845) I. 212 Mr. William Lewis, who was invalided to go to England for the establishment of his health. 1816A. C. Hutchison Pract. Obs. Surg. (1826) 172 Bradley continued to state..that..he was no longer fit for the service, and hoped I would invalid him. 1836E. Howard R. Reefer xxxvii, My duty..will not permit me to invalide you. 1882B. M. Croker Proper Pride II. iii. 77 He was invalided home, sorely against his will.
3. intr. To become an invalid or unfit for active work through illness; of a soldier or a sailor: To go on the sick-list; to leave the service on account of illness or injury.
1829Marryat F. Mildmay xvii, I have invalided for them [fits] four times. 1834M. Scott Cruise Midge xx, Poor Mr Donovan has had to invalid. 1850R. W. Sibthorp in J. Fowler Life (1880) 111, I cannot conceal from myself that I am invaliding, getting worn out. 1885Spectator 10 Jan. 36/1 The conscripts die fast, they invalid at an inexplicable rate. |