| 释义 |
▪ I. irritant, a.1 and n.|ˈɪrɪtənt|
[ad. L. irrītānt-em, pr. pple. of irrītāre irritate v.1: cf. F. irritant (17th c. in Hatz.–Darm.).]
A. adj.
†1. That ‘irritates’ or stirs up (see irritate v.1 1 b); exciting, provocative. Obs.
1636W. Scot Apol. Narr. (1846) 65 The occasion or irritant cause of the alteration of the Church Government.
2. Causing irritation, physical or (rarely) mental; irritating. Chiefly in Path., of poisons, etc.
1828Webster, Irritant, irritating. 1834Penny Cycl. II. 100/1 Irritant poisons, such as arsenic. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 493 The symptoms.., as in other irritant poisoning, vary within certain limits. 1885Manch. Exam. 21 Jan. 4/7 They..have had no irritant or factious opposition to encounter.
B. n. An irritant substance, body, or agency; in Path. a poison, etc. which produces irritation; in Physiol. and Biol. anything that stimulates an organ to its characteristic vital action. Also fig. in reference to mental irritation.
1802Med. Jrnl. VIII. 11 A glass of mustard whey, at times, is a good nutritive irritant. 1842A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 148 It..is always excited to discharge itself by the introduction of food or other irritants. 1863Cornh. Mag. VII. 345 Any poison, even those which, like the metallic irritants, are with the greatest difficulty dislodged. 1877Rosenthal Muscles & Nerves 30 The influences which cause the contraction of the muscle..are called irritants.
fig.1862Helps Organ. Daily Life 73 A persecution which pinches, but does not suppress, is merely an irritant, and not an absorbent.
▪ II. ˈirritant, a.2 Rom., Civil, and Sc. Law.
[ad. L. irritānt-em, pr. pple. of irritāre to make void, irritate v.2: cf. F. irritant (1762 in Dict. Acad.).]
Rendering null and void.
irritant clause: ‘a clause by which certain prohibited acts specified in a deed, if committed by the person holding under the deed, are declared to be void and null’ (W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 1861).
1592Acts Sederunt 27 Nov. (1790) 19 In all tyme cuming, thay will juge and decide upon clausis irritant, conteinit in contractis, takis, infeftments, bandis, and obligationis. 1603Hayward Answ. Doleman v. M iv, The States elected Henry Duke of Anjowe for their king, with this clause irritant; That if hee did violate any point of his oath, the people should owe him no allegeance. 1773[see irritancy2]. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 82 The leases..are clogged with so many arbitrary covenants, capricious articles and irritant clauses, that they may be broke, whenever the landlord pleases. 1868Act 31 & 32 Vict. c. 101 §9 It shall not be necessary..to insert..prohibitory, irritant, and resolutive clauses. |