| 释义 |
ism, quasi-n.|ˈɪz(ə)m|
[The suffix -ism used generically as an independent word.]
A form of doctrine, theory, or practice having, or claiming to have, a distinctive character or relation: chiefly used disparagingly, and sometimes with implied reference to schism.
1680‘Heraclio Democritus’ Vision of Purgatory 46 He was the great Hieroglyphick of Jesuitism, Puritanism, Quaquerism, and of all Isms from Schism. 1756Monthly Rev. XIV. 359 Arianism, Socinianism, Arminianism, or any other ism. a1773[see Germanism 1]. 1789H. Walpole Lett. 4 Nov., Alas! you would soon squabble about Socianism, or some of those isms. 1809Southey Lett. (1856) II. 182 It has nothing to do with Calvinism nor Arminianism, nor any of the other isms. 1811Shelley in Hogg Life (1858) I. 373 He is nothing,—no ‘ist’, professes no ‘-ism’ but superbism and irrationalism. 1820R. Polwhele Introd. Lavington's Enthus. Method. & Papists 118 It has no connection with Methodism, or Puritanism, or any ism or schism. 1820Carlyle Let. to M. Allen Oct., I expect much pleasure from talking over old bygone things, from discussing Spürzheimism, Whiggism, Church of Englandism, and all other imaginable ‘isms’. 1840Fraser's Mag. XXI. 702 All the untidy isms of the day shall be dissipated. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. ii. xv, This is Abbot Samson's Catholicism of the twelfth century—something like the Ism of all true men in all true centuries, I fancy. 1864Lowell Rebellion Pr. Wks. 1890 V. 138 That class of untried social theories which are known by the name of isms. 1884Kendal Mercury 3 Oct. 4/7 The principles on which Education Acts are based, irrespective of isms and creeds. 1928G. B. Shaw Intelligent Woman's Guide Socialism lxxxiii. 447 The proletarian Isms are very much alike. 1944J. S. Huxley On Living in Revolution iii. 29 Democracy could become more dynamic than Fascism or Communism or any other ism or ideology. 1963F. W. Frey in L. W. Pye Communications & Political Devel. xvii. 299 Movement towards..‘Communism’, or ‘totalitarianism’, or..whatever one's preferred ‘ism’..happens to be. 1968S. C. Hutchison Hist. R. Acad. xvii. 183 He saw no place in art for abstractions and ‘isms’ and had a very low opinion of their adherents. 1974Listener 14 Feb. 220/1 Impressionism became the most successful ‘ism’ in the history of art.
Hence various nonce derivatives ˈismal a., of or pertaining to an ism. ˈismate v. trans., to furnish with the suffix -ism. isˈmatic a. [after schismatic], pertaining to isms or an ism; n. an adherent of an ism. isˈmatical a. = ismatic; hence isˈmaticalness. ˈismatize v., to designate as or with an ism. ˈismdom, the domain or world of isms.
1840Fraser's Mag. XXII. 751 That my scheme..should have ism-atised my humble name, is an honour which I dreamt not of. 1841Ibid. XXIII. 329 His name deserves also to be ism-ated, and this present article be headed Whittockism. 1851S. Judd Margaret iii. (1871) 369 Their Ismaticalness conceals and extrudes the Christian—We meet them as Christians, they meet us as Ismatics—It is Christ versus Isms. 1859Sala Gas-light & D. xv. 168 All the ‘isms’ in ismdom. 1884J. Robertson Univ. Serm. in Cambr. Rev. 5 Nov. Supplt. p. xxvi/1 To him..shall the breezes of all the influences, ismal or dismal, bring but bracing and the full shock of each new ‘ology’ bring new strength. 1888Voice (N.Y.) 6 Dec., Ultramontanists, Communists, Socialists and every ismatic who wants something without knowing just what it is. |