| 释义 |
isologous, a. Chem.|aɪˈsɒləgəs|
[f. iso- + Gr. λόγος word, reason, ratio, relation + -ous. First formed as F. isologue (C. Gerhardt Traité de Chim. Org. (1853) I. ii. 127).]
1. a. Having equality or parallelism of relations: applied to two or more hydrocarbon series, of each of which the members are related to each other in the same way: see quots.
1857W. A. Miller Elem. Chem. §1184 III. 429 The groups of which we are now speaking are isologous with the alcohols—that is to say, that the compounds which constitute each of these groups are related to each other in a manner similar to that of the components of the alcohol group with which they are compared... The allylic, the benzoic, and the cinnamic series, are isologous with that of alcohol. 1899L. Dobbin tr. Ladenbury's Hist. Chem. xi. 217 The homologous and isologous series constitute the one part of Gerhardt's classification; the other part is represented by the heterologous series.
b. Applied to each of two or more chemically similar compounds having some difference in composition other than a multiple of CH2; now usu. applied spec. to compounds which have different atoms of the same valency at some position(s) in the molecule but are otherwise of identical molecular structure.
1884Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLVI. 12 In the author's results differences of Br2 in isologous compounds, as allyl and dibromopropyl alcohols, correspond with differences of specific volume varying from 49·96 to 59·14. 1931F. J. Moore Hist. Chem. (ed. 2) xiv. 163 By isologous compounds Gerhardt understood substances of analogous function like acetic and benzoic acids whose formulæ showed some other difference than CH2. 1959Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXXXI. 6272/1 (heading) Partition of isologous oxygen, sulfur and selenium compounds between buffers and organic solvents. 1964Jrnl. Med. Chem. VII. 229/1 Selenoacyl compounds undergo aminolysis much more readily than isologous thioacyl compounds.
2. Med. and Biol. Genetically identical, esp. with respect to immunological factors; derived from another individual that is genetically identical or belongs to the same inbred strain; carried out between such individuals.
1955Jrnl. Nat. Cancer Inst. XV. 1023 Lorenz, Congdon and Uphoff have increased the 30-day survival time of mice..by the injection of isologous, homologous and, in some cases, heterologous bone marrow. 1959Folia Biologica V. 24/1 An isologous combination..fulfils the conditions for reciprocal tolerance between the host and the haematopoietic tissue graft. 1961[see isoallelic adj. s.v. iso-]. 1962Cancer Res. XXII. 947 Sera from mice which had been rendered resistant against the isologous transplantation of Gross virus-induced lymphomas..were found to be cytotoxic. Ibid., Admixture of lymph node cells from isologous mice..inhibited the outgrowth. 1971Nature 1 Oct. 310/2 Human antibodies..against diphtheria toxoid likewise disappear rapidly when injected into isologous human skin. |