| 释义 |
iwis, ywis, a., adv., and n. arch.|ɪˈwɪs|
Forms: α. 1 ᵹewis, 2–7 iwis, (4–5 i-wis, 4–7 I-wis, 4–9 I wis); 2–4 iwiss, (6 I wys), 3–5 ywys, 3–7 ywis, 4–6 iwys, e-wis, 6 ywus, yewus, 6–7 iwus, I wus. β. 3–6 iwisse, (3–4 i wisse, 4–7 I wisse), 4–5 iwise, iwysse, 4–7 ywisse, 5 ywysse, 6 I wyse, yewisse, 7 I wusse. Nearly every one of these forms occurs written continuously, hyphened, and as two words; in the two latter cases, those beginning with i have frequently a capital, I-wis, I wis, I wisse, etc.
[a. OE. ᵹewis adj. (= OHG. giwis, MHG. and Du. gewis, Ger. gewiss certain), of which the neuter was used adverbially in ME. β. ME. iwisse adv. corresp. to an OE. type *ᵹewisse = OHG. ga-, giwisso, MHG. gewisse certainly. After 14th c., when final -e ceased to have any value, the two forms were mere variant spellings, as is seen by the riming of iwise with his in Cursor M.]
A. adj. (ᵹewis) Certain (subjectively and objectively). Only in OE.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xli. §4 Ic wundriᵹe hwy swa mæniᵹe wise men..swa lytel ᵹewis funden. c900tr. Bæda's Hist. iv. xxv. [xxiv.] (1890) 348 Þæt is ᵹeseᵹen þæt he wære ᵹewis his seolfes forðfore. a1000Guthlac v. (Goodwin) 30 We syndon ᵹewisse þines lifes. c1000Gosp. Nicod. iii, Myd ᵹewyssum ᵹesceade yrn & clypa..þone [man].
B. adv. (ᵹewis, iwis, and iwisse) Certainly, assuredly, indeed, truly. (Often with weakened sense as a metrical tag.)
The writing with capital I, and separation of the two elements, have led later authors to understand and use it erroneously as = I wot, I know, as if a present of I wist.
c1160Winteney Rule St. Benet (1888) 39 Ic eam ȝewis wyrm & nængman. a1175Cott. Hom. 233 He is iwiss mihti. c1175Lamb. Hom. 15 Ȝe hit maȝen witen iwis þet hit is al for ure sunne. Ibid. 55 Þet is al soð, ful iwis. c1200Ormin 687 Þatt seȝȝde he ful iwiss forrþi þatt ta wass cumenn time. c1205Lay. 29481 Iwis ȝe beod ænglisce englen ilicchest. c1250Gen. & Ex. 159 Ðe fifte day god made ywis of water, ilc fuel and eruerilc fis. a1300Cursor M. 876 (Cott.) For-þi þat thou has don þe mis, Þiself þou wite þi wa, i-wis. Ibid. 2967 (Cott.) Bot herd it es to kepe, iwise [v.rr. I. wys, i wis, I wis] Þe þing þat ilk man wald war his. c1325Metr. Hom. 17 And als Symond thoht this, Crist wist quat he thoht I wis. c1340Cursor M. 12749 (Fairf.) Of pantera come perpantera e-wis [v.r. i-wis]. c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 635 With my deth I may be quyt ywis. c1440Generydes 862 To sey yow myn intent I wis. 1519Interl. Four Elem. (Percy Soc.) 12 Yet nothynge so grose as the yerth I wys. 1521Bradshaw St. Werburge II. 599 That prince Edmunde, the thyrde son e-wis Of Edwarde senior, true foundour shulde be. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. i. (1593) 25 No marvell though thou be so proud and full of wordes ywus. 1578Churchyard Disc. Queen's Entertainm. K iij, The cace is aunswered thus: You are not ruld by loue of babes, nor womens willes yewus. 1598Marston Pygmal. i. 140 And there (I wis) like no quaint stomack't man Eates vp his armes. 1616Beaum. & Fl. Scornful Lady i. i, A comelier wear, I wus, it is than those dangling slops. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. ii. xlviii, To prove it were, I wis, To prove the beauteous world excels the brute abyss. 1829Hood Epping Hunt xviii, A well-bred horse he was, I wis. 1845Guest in Proc. Philol. Soc. II. 160 Till lately, our editors always converted the innocent adverb i-wiss (certainly) into I wiss, I know. 1865Swinburne Poems & Ball., Masque Queen Bersabe 48, I wis men shall spit at me.
βc1250Gen. & Ex. 91 Ðo gan hem daȝen wel iwisse, Quan god hem ledde in-to blisse. c1275Lay. 19315 Mid moche blisse And richedom iwisse. c1350Will. Palerne 697 Ȝis, i-wisse, was it sche, y wot wel þe soþe. c1400Destr. Troy 897 All cold it became & the course helde, Bothe of ymur & aire, after I-wise. c1410Sir Cleges 480 ‘Tell me trewth..Knowyste thou of that man?’ The harper seyd, ‘Yee, I wysse’. 1535Fisher Ways Perf. Relig. Wks. (1876) 368, I wisse it is a thing much more reasonable. 1565Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 36 Yewisse, M. Harding, it greeveth you full sore they are so many. 1598Yong Diana 10 For them the tender grasse in pleasant vales doth growe ywisse, Sweete shadowed riuer bankes tell me where my Syrenus is. 1663Cowley Cutter Coleman St. v. vi, An' these be your Visions! little did I think I wusse—O what shall I do?
γ. For aphetic form wis see wis adv. For in wis (perh. in part an expansion of iwis), see wis n.
a1240Ureisum in Lamb. Hom. 187 As wis ase drope of þi deorwurþe blod mahte waschen a-wai alle folkes fulþe ase wis lifes louerd þe ilke fif wallen..wascne mine fif wittes. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2521 An her endede to ful, in wis, ðe boc ðe is hoten genesis. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 86/1 Alas, your sinnes are so horrible, that none can be more: yea wis, sinne?
†C. n. [the adj. used absol.: cf. OHG. giwissî, MG. gewisse ‘certainty’, and the mod. for certain.] Certainty: in phr. mid iwisse with certainty, certainly (= prec. adv.); also to iwisse for certain. Obs.
a1000Rule St. Benet lxviii. (Schröer) 128 Wite se ᵹingra mid ᵹewisse, þæt hit him eal framað. a1000Assmann's Angelsächs Homil. 55 Forðan ðe we nyton to nanum ᵹewisse. a1200Moral Ode 40 Þenne haueð he his mid iwisse. c1205Lay. 3545 Peniȝes þer buod an sunda To iwisse an hundrad punda. Ibid. 7607 Muchel wes þa blisse þat heo makeden mid iwisse. a1300K. Horn 432 He gan hire for to kesse Wel ofte mid ywisse. c1315Shoreham 23 Wanne eny prest his messe syngeth, I-lief hyt myd y-wysse. |