| 释义 |
‖ prolepsis|prəʊˈlɛpsɪs, -ˈliːpsɪs|
Pl. -ses |-siːz|. Also 7 prolepsie, 8–9 -sy.
[L., a. Gr. πρόληψις a preconception; in rhet. anticipation, f. προλαµβάνειν to anticipate.]
1. The representation or taking of something future as already done or existing; anticipation; also, the assignment of an event, a name, etc. to a too early date; an anachronism, prochronism.
1578Timme Caluine on Gen. 264 The answer is easy to be made, if we grant that the figure Prolepsis is in the speech of Moses [see Gen. xi. 31, xii. 1]. 1607B. Jonson Volpone Ded., Such dearth of sense, so bold prolepse's, so rackt metaphor's. a1633W. Ames Marrow of Div. (1642) 323 This was spoken by a prolepsis or anticipation. 1699Bentley Phal. vi. 180 A cross figure in the art of Rhetoric, called Prolepsis or Anticipation; viz. when Poets and Historians call any place by a name, which was not yet known in the times they write of. 1846Trench Mirac. xxx. (1862) 431 St. Matthew will then relate by prolepsis..the whole of the event where he first introduces it. 1907W. Sandy in Expositor May 393 That prolepsis, or prevision and apprehension of holiness which we call faith.
b. Path. ‘Return of a paroxysm before the usual time’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1895).
2. Rhet. and Gram.
†a. A figure in which a matter is stated in a brief summary manner, before being set forth in detail. Obs.
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 82 Prolepsis, where something generally first spoken, is afterwards drawne into parts, as thus, Let vs take vpon vs one selfe charge, I to direct abroad, you to order at home. 1657J. Smith Myst. Rhet. 130 Prolepsis is also a figure of Construction,..when the Congregation, or the whole doth aptly agree with the Verb, or Adjective, and then the parts of the whole are reduced to the same Verb or Adjective, wherewith notwithstanding they agree not.
b. A figure in which objections or arguments are anticipated in order to preclude their use, answer them in advance, or prepare for them an unfavourable reception; = procatalepsis.
1611W. Sclater Key (1629) 57 This Verse is added to the former by way of prolepsis, for hauing professed his desire to see them, he saw it might be demanded why he came not. 1637Sanderson Serm. II. 62 He thought it needful.., by way of prolepsis, to prevent whatsoever might be surmised in that kind. 1767Sterne Tr. Shandy IX. xxxiii, I know it will be said, continued my father (availing himself of the Prolepsis), that [etc.].
c. The anticipatory use of an attribute.
1850Donaldson New Cratylus iii. v. §305 (ed. 2) 484 In all three cases there is a prolepsis or tertiary predication. 1875Schmidt Shaks. Lex. II. 1420 Prolepsis or anticipation, that is, an effect to be produced represented as already produced, by the insertion of an epithet:..‘Hang his poison in the sick air’. 1882Ogilvie (Annandale), Prolepsis (in rhet.), a figure by which a thing is represented as already done, though in reality it is to follow as a consequence of the action which is described.
†3. A pre-assumed notion, a presupposition. Obs.
1637Jackson Serm. Matt. ii. 17, 18, Wks. VI. 279 For the more perspicuous and facile solution of these..doubts, I must crave leave to intersert certain prolepses or prenotions. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. iii. i. §2 The existence of God, and immortality of the soul; both which seem to be supposed as general Prolepses in the writings of Moses. 1692Ray Disc. ii. iv. (1693) 133 That Nature should form real shells, without any design of covering an Animal, is..contrary to that innate Prolepsis we have of the Prudence of Nature. |