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单词 jealous
释义 jealous, a.|ˈdʒɛləs|
Forms: α. 3–4 gelus(e, 4 -os, 4–5 -ows, 4–6 -ous(e, 5 -uce, 6 gealous. β. 4–5 ielus, 4–7 -ous(e, 6 -ose, (-oux); 6–7 iealous(e, 7– jealous. γ. 5 ielius, 6 -ious, -yus, -yous, 6–7 iealious. δ. 4–6 ialous(e, 6 -ouss. ε. 5–6 iolyce, -yous, -ious, -yus, ioyluse.
[ME. gelos, etc., a. OF. gelos (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod.F. jaloux, -ouse, = Pr. gelos, It. geloso, Sp. zeloso:—late L. zēlōs-us, f. late L. zēl-us a. Gr. ζῆλος emulation, zeal, jealousy: see -ous. The Romanic j or ge for Gr. ζ, shows the analysis of Gr. ζ as dz, dʒ, dj, di, evidenced in other words, in late L.]
1. Vehement in feeling, as in wrath, desire, or devotion:
a. Wrathful, furious (rare);
b. Devoted, eager, zealous. Obs.
1382Wyclif Deut. xxix. 20 The woodnes of hym [the Lord] shal wax feers, and gelows aȝens that man.1535Coverdale Ecclus. li. 18, I will be gelous to cleue vnto the thinge yt is good.1560Bible (Genev.) 1 Kings xix. 10, I haue bene very ielous for the Lord God of hoste.1661Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872–5 II. 66 Mr. Recorder and Mr. Vaux, persons as jealous in your service as I myselfe.
2. Ardently amorous; covetous of the love of another, fond, lustful. Obs. (But cf. 4.)
c1430Syr Gener. 1070 The Quene had a ful licorous eye And a hert ful amerous; On Generides she wax gelous.1555Bradford in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) III. App. xlv. 130, I sawe certayne letters sent from th' Emprour..wherin was contayned theise privities..the good simple Quene is so jelous over my sonne..we shall make her agree vnto all our requestes [etc.].
3. Zealous or solicitous for the preservation or well-being of something possessed or esteemed; vigilant or careful in guarding; suspiciously careful or watchful. Const. of (for, over).
1387–8T. Usk Test. Love iii. v. (Skeat) l. 38 Some maner of ielousy, I wot wel is euer redy in al the hertes of my trew seruauntes, as thus: to be ielous ouer him self, lest he be cause of his owne disease.1526Tindale 2 Cor. xi. 2, I am gelous over you with godly gelousy.1555Pole in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. II. 192 Myn helth..wherof I am the more jelose now then I am commonly at other tymes.1665Boyle Occas. Refl. ii. xiv. (1848) 142, I am..brought..to set a high Value upon Health, and be a very Jealous Preserver of so great a Blessing.1738Wesley Ps. xiii. vii, Be jealous for thy glorious Name.1828Scott F.M. Perth xxvii, The chief is young, and jealous of his rank.1888Bryce Amer. Commw. I. xxv. 378 The people, jealous of their hardly-won liberties.
4. Troubled by the belief, suspicion, or fear that the good which one desires to gain or keep for oneself has been or may be diverted to another; resentful towards another on account of known or suspected rivalry:
a. in love or affection, esp. in sexual love: Apprehensive of being displaced in the love or good-will of some one; distrustful of the faithfulness of wife, husband, or lover. Const. of, arch. over (the beloved person, or the suspected rival); also of (the attentions of another, etc.).
a1250Owl & Night. 1075 He was so gelus of his wive, That he ne miȝte..I-so that man with hire speke.a1300Cursor M. 1794 O lauerdschipp was þar na strijf, Was naman Ielus of his wijf.c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 38 Ialous [v.rr. ielous, gelous] he was, and heeld hire narwe in cage For she was yong and wylde and he was old.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. xvii. (MS. Bodl.) lf. 121 b/1 The Cock..fiȝteþ for heere [a hen] specialliche as þouȝe he were Ielous.a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 23 She loued hym so moche that she was ielous ouer alle women that he spake with.1484Caxton Fables of Alfonce (1889) 12 A blynd man whiche had a fayre wyf of the whiche he was moche Jalous.1592Greene Upst. Courtier B j, The yellow daffadil, a flowre fit for gelous Dottrels, who through the bewtie of their honest wiues grew suspitious.1611Bible Num. v. 30 When the spirit of ielousie commeth vpon him, and hee be ielous ouer his wife.1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Mar 1 Apr., It is impossible for the most jealous husband to know his wife when he meets her.1819Byron Juan i. clv, So young a husband's jealous fears.1888M. E. Braddon Fatal Three i. iii, Mrs. Fausset..had been jealous of the new-comer, and resentful of her intrusion from the outset.
b. in respect of success or advantage: Apprehensive of losing some desired benefit through the rivalry of another; feeling ill-will towards another on account of some advantage or superiority which he possesses or may possess; grudging, envious. Const. of (the person, or the advantage).
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 331 Ffor hate or for Ielous ymagynyng.c1477Caxton Jason 32 Alle were ialous of him. But Iason neuer thought on none of them.1563B. Googe Eglogs vii. (Arb.) 59 You iudge but of malicious hart, and of a Ialouse brayne.c1601Sir C. Hatton in Hatton Corr. (Camden) 2 My many iealious observers prevent my presence.a1732Atterbury Serm. Isa. xl. 22 (Seager) It is certain that they looked upon it with a jealous eye.1838Thirlwall Greece xxiii. III. 289 Several of the leading persons in the state were jealous of his glory.1897Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. 152 The Church was, as early as 1254, becoming jealous of the civil law.
c. In biblical language, said of God: Having a love which will tolerate no unfaithfulness or defection in the beloved object.
a1225Ancr. R. 90 Vnderstond, ancre..hwas spuse þu ert; & hu he is gelus of alle þine lates.1382Wyclif Exod. xx. 5, I forsothe am the Lord thi God, strong gelows [1388 a stronge gelouse louyere].1535Coverdale Ibid., For I the Lorde thy God am a gelouse God.Josh. xxiv. 19 He is an holy God, mightie, and gelous, which spareth not youre trangressions and synnes.1617Moryson Itin. iii. 6 Our very God is in a good sence said to be iealous:..you shall ever find the chastest Weomen, desiring an husband vertuously iealous.1853Maurice Proph. & Kings vii. 119 God is contemplated as jealous over his people.
5. Suspicious; apprehensive of evil, fearful. Const. of, or with subord. clause. Now dial.
c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 921 A man doutfull and suspect of jelous (soupeconeus).1593Shakes. Lucr. 800 Let not the iealous daie behold that face.1607Middleton Five Gallants i. i, My master is very jealous of the pestilence.1622Wither Mistr. Philar. in Arb. Garner IV. 420 Never did the jealous 'st ear Any muttering rumour hear.a1639Wotton in Reliq. (1651) 524 The jealous Trout, that low did lie, Rose at a wel-dissembled Flie.1755B. Martin Mag. Arts & Sc. III. xiii. 398, I am jealous of some baneful Experiment to follow.1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Jealous, apprehensive, ready to anticipate something..more or less unpleasant in its nature.
b. Doubtful, mistrustful. Obs.
1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. ii. 162 That you do loue me, I am nothing iealous.1682J. Scarlett Exchanges 216 When..the Acceptant afterwards repents, and is jealous whether the Drawer will really accept of his Re-draughts.
6. Suspiciously vigilant against, or to prevent, something (expressed or understood); vigilant in scrutinizing.
1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 215 They are very iealous to shew themselves fearefull or base minded in worde or deede.1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 51 The Princesse..was jealous lest her griefe [for her brother's death] should grow to be displeased with her, for adventuring her selfe to the gust of a curious sight.1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. l. 499 They were very jealous of any Popish prince to become her husband.1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian lxi. (1824) 641 He examined with a jealous eye the emotions he witnessed.1843Poe Purloined Let. Wks. 1864 I. 268 The most jealous scrutiny of the microscope.1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. xxi. 549 Measures [of weight, etc.] were subject to jealous supervision.
b. transf. Requiring suspicious or careful vigilance: delicate, ticklish. ? Obs.
1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 127 The difficultie..to finde a trustie person in so dangerous and iealous a cause as this is.1672Marvell Reh. Transp. I. 267 Nor shall I dwell too long upon so jealous or impertinent a subject.
7. jealous glass, an old name for glass which is translucent, but cannot be seen through: see quots., and cf. jalousie. Obs.
1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 153 Jealous Glass..is a sort of wrinkled Glass of such a Quality, that one cannot distinctly see what is done on the other side of it.1726R. Neve Builder's Dict. s.v. Glass, This Jealous Glass..is commonly used in and about London, to put into the lower Lights..where the Windows are low against the Street. [1879Centenary Birmingham Libr. 32 A curious question arose [in 1821] as to the use of ‘jealous glass’ in the windows towards the bank, as provided by the original lease.]
8. Comb., as jealous-headed, jealous-eyed, etc.
1679M. Rusden Further Discov. Bees 122 To answer these jealous-headed persons.1704Steele Lying Lover ii. i.1719Savage Love in Veil i. i. 9 Some jealous pated Father or Brother must interfere.1815Woman's Will ii. i, I am told he is a cursed silly, jealous-pated fellow.
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