| 释义 |
reindeer|ˈreɪndɪə(r)|
Forms: 4, 6–7 rayne-, 5 reyn-, 5, 7 reen-, 6 rane-, 7–8 rain-, 8–9 rhen-, 8– rein-.
[Ultimately repr. ON. hreindýri (mod.Icel. -dýr), f. hreinn the more usual name for the animal (cf. rein n.2) + dýr deer: hence also Sw. rendjur, Da. rensdyr, Du. rendier, G. rennthier. The immediate source of the comb. in Eng. is not quite clear: in OE. the simple word occurs in the account of Norway obtained by ælfred from Ohthere.
c893K. ælfred Oros. i. i. 18 He hæfde..tamra deora unbebohtra syx hund. Þa deor hi hatað hranas; þara wæron syx stælhranas.]
1. a. An animal of the deer kind, Rangifer tarandus, having large branching or palmated antlers, formerly common in Central Europe, but now confined to sub-arctic regions, where it is used for drawing sledges, and is kept in large herds for the sake of the milk, flesh, and hides. The caribou of N. America is a variety.
a1400Morte Arth. 922 The roo and þe rayne-dere reklesse thare ronnene. c1430Lydg. Reas. & Sens. 3728 To chase at hem and hornes blow,..At reyndere and the dredful roo. c1470Henryson Mor. Fab. v. (Parl. Beasts) xv, The reyndeir ran throw reueir, rone, and reid. 1572J. Bossewell Armorie ii. 57 Tarandrus is a beaste in bodye like a great Oxe... Of some hee is taken to bee a rayne deare. 1632T. Norton New Eng. Canaan ii. v. (1838) 52 A third sorte of deare, lesse then the other (which are a kinde of rayne deare). 1654Whitelocke Swed. Ambassy (1772) I. 428 A Laplander and his sledde drawn by a rayne deer. 1712Steele Spect. No. 406 ⁋4 A Song..addressed by the Lover to his Rain-deer, which is the Creature that in that Country supplies the Want of Horses. 1744A. Dobbs Hudson's Bay 47 The Country being mostly rocky, and covered with a white Moss upon which the Rain-Deer or Cariboux feed. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 149 Of all animals of the deer kind, the Rein-Deer is the most extraordinary and the most useful. 1835Sir J. Ross N.-W. Passage xvi. 252 The reindeer all came this way in April. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man 14 With these are mingled bones of the red deer and roe, but the rein-deer has not yet been found.
b. Her. (See quot.)
1780Edmondson Compl. Body Her. II. Gloss., Rein-deer, as drawn in armory, is a stag with double attires, two of them turning down.
2. attrib. and Comb., as reindeer hair, reindeer horn, reindeer meat, reindeer milk, reindeer skin, reindeer steak; reindeer-fly, a species of Œstrus which attacks the reindeer; reindeer lichen, moss, a species of lichen, Cladonia rangiferina, which constitutes the winter food of the reindeer; reindeer period (see quot.); reindeer tongue, the tongue of a reindeer, usu. smoked, considered as a delicacy; reindeer tribe, a tribe using the reindeer, esp. pl. certain pre-historic tribes inhabiting France and Belgium.
1759B. Stillingfleet tr. Gedner's Use Curios. in Misc. Tracts (1791) 165 When our president was gathering, and describing the *rhen-deer-fly.
1896Lloyd's Nat. Hist. 81 The nest is loosely made of dry grass and stalks, and the inside..is lined with willow-down or *reindeer-hair.
1857Dufferin Lett. High Lat. (ed. 3) 258 Out of *reindeer horns are made almost all the utensils used in his domestic economy.
1770G. Cartwright Jrnl. 11 July (1792) I. 8 They [sc. caribou] find there many extensive tracts of land destitute of wood, and covered with plenty of *Reindeer Lichen. 1777Lightfoot Flora Scot. II. 880 Brown tipt Rhendeer Lichen. 1891Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 213 Even the grass vanishes, its place being taken by the reindeer lichen. 1926Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 5 Jan. 2/4 *Reindeer meat was the principal attraction on the menu.
1857Dufferin Lett. High Lat. (ed. 3) 258 *Reindeer milk is the most important item in his diet.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Reen mossa, a name used by some for the mountain coralloids, or *rein deer moss. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 333 The Rein Deer Moss, which forms the winter food of that animal. 1895Outing (U.S.) XXVII. 16/2 In sheltered places there are surprising growths of reindeer moss.
1881J. Geikie Prehist. Europe 101 M. Dupont recognises two stages in the Palæolithic Period, one of which is called the Mammoth period, and the other, which is the more recent, the *Reindeer period.
1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) IX. 569/2 Their shoes [are made] of the *rein-deer skin, with the hair outwards. 1933[see kamik]. 1977Country Life 13 Jan. 80/1 His wife makes..the soft reindeer-skin shoes for winter.
1958W. Bickel tr. Hering's Dict. Class. & Mod. Cookery 502 *Reindeer steak,..steak cut from a tender loin, sautéd in butter. 1973D. Francis Slay-Ride v. 67 She gave us reindeer steaks in a rich dark sauce.
1788Times 1 Jan. 4/3 (Advt.), Smoaked Salmon and Dutch Herring, Fine New French Olives, and New *Rein Deer Tongues. 1857J. H. Walsh Economical Housekeeper ii. iii. 32 Reindeer Tongues, Pork Pies, and a whole host of similar commodities, are sold at the ‘sausage shops’ in London. 1935M. Morphy Recipes of All Nations 499 Reindeer are eaten in Norway, and smoked reindeer tongues are considered a great delicacy. 1973J. Fleming You won't let me Finish xvi. 129 I'm told I am to have some smoked reindeer tongue for my lunch.
1865Tylor Early Hist. Man. i. 2 The *Reindeer tribes of Central France. |