| 释义 |
▪ I. jerkin1|ˈdʒɜːkɪn|
Also 6 ierkynge, -yn, 6–7 -en, 7 jerking.
[Recorded soon after 1500: origin unknown.
(It has been conjecturally associated with Du. and Western LG. jurk, ‘girl's or child's frock’; but, besides the facts that Eng. j does not correspond to Du. j (= y), and that a jerkin is not a frock, jurk is merely a mod. Du. word, unknown to Kilian, Hexham, and other 17th c. lexicographers, and is itself of unknown origin.)]
a. A garment for the upper part of the body, worn by men in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; a close-fitting jacket, jersey, or short coat, often made of leather. Since c 1700 used in literature mainly historically, or in reference to foreign countries; and some dialects for a waistcoat, an under vest, or a loose jacket. Whence in modern use, usu. a sleeveless jacket or waistcoat (see quots.).
1519Presentm. Juries in Surtees Misc. (1888) 33 For stellyng a jerkynge. 1532–3Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 13 No man, vnder the saide degrees..weare..any silke, other than..veluet in their sleueles cotes, iakettes, ierkyns, coifes, cappes. 1556W. Towrson in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 101 [They] haue their skinne of their bodies raced with diuers workes in maner of a leather Ierkin. 1576Gascoigne Steele Gl. Epil. (Arb.) 83 What are they? women? masking in mens weedes? With dutchkin dublits, and with Ierkins iaggde. 1599Thynne Animadv. (1875) 31 A common garmente daylye vsed suche as we call a Ierken or Iackett without sleues. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iii. iii. 266 A plague of opinion, one may weare it on both sides, like a leather Ierkin. 1616Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) I. 135 Iohn nagle sent me ffrize for a Ierkin and breeches for my own wearing. 1726Swift Gulliver i. i, By good luck, I had on me a buff jerkin, which they could not pierce. 1808Scott Marm. i. viii, Last, twenty yeomen two and two, In hosen black, and jerkins blue. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. (1859) 25 His dress was of the antique Dutch fashion—a cloth jerkin, strapped round the waist—several pair of breeches, the outer one..decorated with rows of buttons down the sides, and bunches at the knees. 1828Craven Dial., Jerkin, a waistcoat. 1843Borrow Bible in Spain xxv. 147 A shabby-looking fellow, dressed in a jerkin and wearing a high-crowned hat, attended as domestic. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. II. ix. 389 With nothing but his javelin and his leathern jerkin. 1935E. Weekley Something about Words 44 Until the War one vaguely associates jerkin with the costume of Robin Hood, but after the War ‘army jerkins’ were to be had cheap. 1957M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 187/2 Jerkin, jacket, short coat, or doublet, sometimes of leather. Occasionally, waistcoat without sleeves. Also straight woolen pull-over. 1963Austral. T.V. Times 18 Apr. 10/1 Jerkin, a sort of zipper jacket. 1974Guardian 4 Apr. 11/2 It is legal to shoot clouts, which used to be the jerkins of longbowmen hung on a stick.
b. Comb., as jerkin-maker.
c1565J. Sparke in Hakluyt Voy. III. 504 They..doe iagge their flesh..as workemanlike as a Ierkinmaker with vs pinketh a ierkin. 1589Nottingham Rec. IV. 58 Thomas Rogers, de Nottingham, iyrkynmaker.
Hence ˈjerkined |-ɪnd| a. [-ed2], wearing a jerkin.
1852C. M. Yonge Cameos (1877) III. xii. 98 Five hundred red jerkined men.
▪ II. † ˈjerkin2
Also 6 gircken, 7 girking.
[deriv. (? dim.) of jer- in jerfalcon, gyrfalcon.]
The male of the gerfalcon.
1539Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 12 Any faucon, gerfaucon, Ierkin, sacre or sacret. a1605Montgomerie Poems xviii. 25 Thair wes a gentle girking gay. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 713 The male to the Gerfaulcon is that which is called the Ierkin, being a much lesse bird.
▪ III. † ˈjerkin3, n. or a. Obs.
In jerkin beef = jerked beef: see jerk v.2
1612Capt. Smith Map Virginia 17 As drie as their ierkin beefe in the West Indies. 1657R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 39 Jerkin Beef, which is hufled, and slasht through, hung up and dryed in the Sun. |