| 释义 |
▪ I. jettison, n. Maritime Law.|ˈdʒɛtɪsən|
Also 5 ietteson.
[a. AF. getteson, in OF. getaison:—L. jactātiōn-em, action of throwing, f. jactāre to throw: see jet v.3 and -ison. In spoken use, syncopated in 16th c. to jetson (cf. benison, benzown, venison, ven'son), and this further corrupted to jetsome, jetsam, which also took a concrete sense, in consequence of which writers on Marine Insurance have restored the earlier form as jettison to distinguish the action.]
The action of throwing goods overboard, esp. in order to lighten a ship in distress.
[Liber Niger Admiralitatis (Rolls) I. 126 Quant il avient que len face getteson dune nef il est bien escript a Rome que toutes les marchandizes et denrees continues en la nef devoient partir au gette.] 1425Rolls Parlt. IV. 304/1 Wool..taken uppon þe see be Enemys, or lost be Jetteson, or be any oþer mysaventure. 1755N. Magens Insurances I. 55 Whatever the Master of a Ship in Distress..deliberately resolves to do..in throwing Goods overboard to lighten his Vessel, which is what is meant by Jettison or Jetson. Ibid. II. 182 Ammunition, and Stores, Wages or Hire, and Cloaths of Seamen, shall not contribute towards the Jettison. 1843–63W. Waterston Cycl. Commerce s.v. Average, A jettison, or other loss on which average is claimed. 1880Times 30 Dec. 12/1 The Mars..was got off by a tug, after jettison of a portion of the cargo. 1882Ibid. 29 Mar. 5/3 To regain his course..the aeronaut made jettison of all his ballast.
b. fig. ‘Throwing overboard’.
1887Sat. Rev. 6 Aug. 174/1 It illustrates more forcibly than any election that has yet taken place the jettison of convictions, of honour, of patriotism. 1900Q. Rev. Apr. 321 Mere modernity..involved the complete jettison of every restraining principle in language, metre, and morals.
▪ II. ˈjettison, v.
[f. prec. n.]
1. a. trans. To throw overboard (cargo, articles of merchandise, etc.), esp. in order to lighten a ship in distress.
1848Arnould Mar. Insur. (1866) II. iii. iv. 778 The goods in such case are as much sacrificed for the general safety as though they were jettisoned. 1880Times 13 July 10 The vessel experienced such severe weather that she was compelled..to jettison about 1000 cases petroleum. 1890Times 23 Aug. 4/6 The jettisoning of timber is hazardous.
fig.1874A. Robertson Nuggets, etc. 177 When my patience was nearly all jettisoned I heard the sharp ting of a bell. 1895Westm. Gaz. 27 Mar. 3/1 Count Tolstoy..jettisons a chapter here, a verse there, an Epistle there.
b. To release or drop from an aircraft or spacecraft in flight; spec. to drop (a bomb) intentionally from an aircraft elsewhere than over an assigned target.
1934[implied in jettisonable a.]. 1942D. M. Crook Spitfire Pilot 66 Enemy bombers showed a much greater tendency to jettison their bombs. 1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 18 Apr. 14 ‘C for Charlie's’ pilot jettisoned his guns rather too near the wife of a senior officer who happened to be below. Ibid. 34 The crew went to their ditching stations... No fuel was jettisoned. 1946Taylor & Allward Spitfire 101/1 The hood..could be jettisoned. 1955Times 10 Aug. 8/7 The world's fastest aircraft..was jettisoned by its mother aircraft after an explosion at 30,000 ft. 1974Flight International 29 Aug. (Suppl.) 11/1 Surface-to-air missiles often use a booster to produce a high initial acceleration and push the missile clear of its launcher, the booster then being jettisoned.
2. intr. To drop off, or fall away from, an aircraft or spacecraft in flight.
1962J. Glenn in Into Orbit 138 The escape tower, which we would not need once we got above the atmosphere, would jettison when the boosters dropped off and lighten the load even more.
Hence ˈjettisoned ppl. a., ˈjettisoning vbl. n.
1889Ld. Watson in Law. Rep. 14 App. Cases 606 Every owner of jettisoned goods becomes a creditor of ship and cargo saved. 1950Engineering 10 Feb. 158/1 Landing operations..could take the form of ‘jettisoning’ operations. 1957J. S. Huxley Relig. without Revelation ix. 209 This wholesale jettisoning. |