| 释义 |
jingo int., n., and a.|ˈdʒɪŋgəʊ|
Also 7 jeingo.
[Appears first c 1670 as a piece of conjuror's gibberish, usually hey or high jingo!, prob. a mere piece of sonorous nonsense with an appearance of mysterious meaning. In 1694 by jingo occurs in Motteux's transl. of Rabelais, where the Fr. has par Dieu: this, being contemporary with the conjuror's term, may be presumed (though not proved) to be the same word, substituted, as in many other cases, for a sacred name: cf. by golly, gock, gom, gosh, jabers, etc. In Scotland, by jing (or jings) has long been in common use.
A recent conjecture, since jingo began to attract attention, would identify it with the Basque word for ‘God’, given by Van Eys and Larramendi as Jinko, Jainko (Yinko, Yainko), Jincoa, Jaincoa; the suggestion being that this may have been caught up from Basque sailors. Such an origin is not impossible, but is as yet unsupported by evidence. The grotesque notion that the word is short for St. Gengulphus is merely a joke of the author of the Ingoldsby Legends.]
A. int. and n.
I.
†1. (Usually hey or high jingo!) A conjuror's call for the appearance of something: the opposite of hey presto!, by which a thing is bidden to be gone. Hence, an exclamation of surprise at the appearance of something. Obs.
1670Eachard Cont. Clergy 34 He..falls a flinging it out of one hand into the other, tossing it this way and that; lets it run a little upon the line, then tanutus, high jingo, come again! 1672Pasquil on Stair Family in Bk. Scot. Pasquils (1868) 180 Jeingo! the taws. Presto, begon: a mace. 1679Oldham Sat. Jesuits iv. (1685) 89 Where spiritual Jugglers their chief Mast'ry shew: Hey Jingo, Sirs! What's this? 'tis Bread you see; Presto be gone! 'tis now a Deity. 1707Fenton Fair Nun, He..turns it round and round, and eyes it, Heigh jingo, worse than 'twas before! 1722–30Ramsay Fables, Monk & Miller's Wife, [He] Cries, Rhadamanthus husky mingo, Monk, horner, hipock, jinko, jingo, Appear in likeness of a priest.
2. by jingo! a vigorous form of asseveration. Also intensified, by the living jingo! colloq. or vulgar.
1694Motteux Rabelais iv. lvi. 219 By jingo [Rab. Par Dieu], quoth Panurge, the Man talks somewhat like, I believe him. 1760Murphy Way to Keep Him i. ii, Their husbands care no more for them, no, by jingo, no more than they care for their husbands! 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. ix, One of them..expressed her sentiments..in a very coarse manner when she observed, that by the living jingo she was all of a muck of sweat. 1773― Stoops to Conq. v. ii, By jingo, there's not a pond or slough within five miles of the place, but they can tell the taste of. 1800W. B. Rhodes Bomb. Fur. i. (1830) 8 Does he, by jingo? 1837Marryat Dog-fiend xxx, No, by the living jingo! not till he treats us. 1878G. W. Hunt Song (Chorus), We don't want to fight, yet by Jingo! if we do, We've got the ships, we've got the men, and got the money too. 1888J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge xiii, That was a parting shot he took at you, by jingo!
II. [Derived from the expression ‘by Jingo!’ in the refrain of the music-hall song, quoted in sense 2, 1878, which became the Tyrtæan ode of the party ready to fight Russia in 1878.]
3. A nickname for those who supported and lauded the policy of Lord Beaconsfield in sending a British fleet into Turkish waters to resist the advance of Russia in 1878; hence, one who brags of his country's preparedness for fight, and generally advocates or favours a bellicose policy in dealing with foreign powers; a blustering or blatant ‘patriot’; a Chauvinist.
1878G. J. Holyoake in Daily News 13 Mar. 3/4 The Jingoes in the Park. Ibid., The Jingoes—the new tribe of music hall patriots who sing the jingo song. 1879Truth 22 May, The Jingoes ought to rejoice and be glad that their ‘tall talk’ did not drive us into a war with Russia last year. 1880G. Duff in 19th Cent. Apr. 667 Our interest in Russia is that the Muscovite Jingoes should learn a little more geography. 1881Gentl. Mag. Jan. 46 The Jingo is the aggregation of the bully. An individual may be a bully; but, in order to create Jingoism, there must be a crowd. 1897Ld. Salisbury in Times 19 Jan., A well-working arbitration system would be an invaluable bulwark to defend the Minister from the jingoes. 1898Times 18 Jan. 6/1 (N.Y. Corresp.) A school of politicians..who, like the jingoes, are apt to use the word American aggressively, as the jingoes do.
4. The jingo spirit or policy personified.
1898L. Stephen Stud. Biogr. I. iii. 104 Nobody..could be less given to the worship of Jingo.
B. adj.
†1. [from sense A. 2.] Exhibiting vulgar dash; suggestive of the man who asseverates by jingo!
1859Millais Let. 28 Apr. in Life (1899) I. 342 It is very good (well painted), but egregiously vulgar and common-place, but there is enough in it of a certain ‘jingo’ style to make it a favourite.
2. [from sense A. 3.] Of or pertaining to the political jingo; characterized by jingoism.
1879Truth 22 May, The consummation of the Jingo policy. 1879Scotsman 1 Dec. 4 In the height of the Jingo fever in London, mobs, carefully organised, broke the windows of Mr. Gladstone's house. 1882Daily News 19 July 5/5 He [M. Lockroy] is intensely Jingo, very hostile to M. de Freycinet. 1896Ibid. 20 Jan. 7/6 Sentiment in Washington is overwhelmingly Jingo. 1900E. C. Brodrick Mem. & Impr. 198 The imperialism of the so-called ‘Jingo’ party, which seemed to measure national greatness by the constant annexation of new territories.
Hence ˈjingo v. trans., to drive by the jingo spirit; ˈjingodom, the realm or domain of jingoes; jingoˈesque a., jingo in style or manner; ˈjingoish a. = jingo B. 2.
1898Daily News 28 Feb. 5/7 A member of the Cabinet stated in an interview to-day that President McKinley..would not be jingoed into war. 1895Nation (N.Y.) 19 Dec. 441/3 The resemblance of Jingodom in this to an Indian village is very remarkable. 1885Glasgow Herald 3 Aug. 6/2 The continental press..is essentially Jingoesque. 1892Goldw. Smith in 19th Cent. Sept. 348 There is nothing more jingoish in tone than were the speeches of Lord Palmerston and Lord Russell. 1896Nation (N.Y.) 3 Dec. 421/3 Jingoish ideas of America's past and future. |