| 释义 |
‖ joom, júm E. Ind.|dʒuːm|
Also jum, and erron. jh-.
[Arakanese. The name is native to the Hill country, east of Chittagong; but applied by Anglo-Indians to the same system in other parts.]
A system of cultivation practised in the hill forests of India and Indo-China, under which a tract is cleared by fire, occupied and cultivated for a time, and then abandoned for another tract, which is similarly treated; a tract so treated. Also attrib. Hence joom, júm, v. to clear a joom.
1855H. H. Wilson Ind. Gloss. 242 Jum, Joom, a Mug village, or one belonging to a forest race on the east of Chittagong; any hill or forest village on the east of Bengal. 1869Jrnl. Bot. VII. 157 Joom cultivation is the term used to designate the rude cultivation practised by most of the hill tribes of India. 1876Sir W. Hunter Statist. Acc. Bengal VI. 46 The sign of manhood among the Chakmás is when a lad is sent out to cut his first júm. Ibid. 67 Restrictions being placed on júming (the hill mode of cultivation). Ibid., The people have there better júming lands. 1885G. C. Whitworth Anglo-Ind. Dict. 140 Jumáh, a cultivator on the jum system. 1886Yule & Burnell Hobson-Jobson 351/2 Jhoom, Jhūm. 1895W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry IV. 350 Jhuming, or the thorough burning of branchwood on the soil. Ibid. 543 In jhums, or cultivations on forest clearings, where the branches and undergrowth are burned. 1897Ld. Roberts 41 Yrs. India xl, We came across a large number of these jooms. 1921J. H. Hutton Angami Nagas ii. 72 Good jhum land, cleared once in twelve or fifteen years. Ibid., The Lhotas, Semas, Aos, and trans-Dikhu and trans-Tizu tribes cultivate only by ‘jhuming’. 1927Blackw. Mag. June 816/2 Crops are grown by a simple method known as ‘Jhoom’. Ibid., A fresh patch of jungle is then cut down, and the ‘Jhooming’ process repeated. 1936Nature 5 Sept. 408/1 A fisher folk, who..practised a rude form of agriculture, comparable to jhuming, but not terracing or systematic irrigation. 1937Times Lit. Suppl. 20 Feb. 123/2 The low-caste Indian addicted to jhum cultivation. 1946Ali & Lambert Assam 16 One or two tribes have adopted terrace cultivation, but the others depend on the taungya or jhuming system, which is very wasteful. |