| 释义 |
▪ I. Josephite1|ˈdʒəʊzɪfaɪt|
[f. the name Joseph (see below) + -ite1.]
A member of either of two orders of St. Joseph, the Priests of the Mission of St. Joseph (founded c 1640), or a teaching institute founded in 1817 by Constant-Guillaume van Crombrugghe (1789–1865). Also attrib. or as adj.
1846in N. French Works I. p. lvi, At the end of the street, there is a large building yet occupied as a school, and now held by the Josephites. 1897Addis & Arnold Cath. Dict. (ed. 5) 531/2 Josephites. Two communities bear, or have borne, this name. The first was founded by Jacques Cretenet at Lyons... At the Revolution it was suppressed. The second.., founded in 1817 at Grammont in Belgium. 1898C. H. Bowden Simple Dict. for Catholics 18 Josephites, a teaching institute..for the education of the commercial and industrial classes. 1973Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 28 June 43/1 The 50-year-old former Josephite priest was parolled last December.
▪ II. Josephite2|ˈdʒəʊzɪfaɪt|
Also Josephine.
[f. the name of St. Joseph (1439–1515), Abbot of Volokolamsk, a Russian zealot.]
A member of an ascetic and caesaro-papist party formed among Russian Orthodox monks in the sixteenth century. Hence Josephism2, Josephitism, the doctrines of this party.
1944B. H. Sumner Survey Russ. Hist. iv. 187 The Josephines won the day in the church council of 1503. 1946G. P. Fedotov Russ. Relig. Mind p. xii, The study of the conflict between the Josephites and the Trans-Volgans led at least one of our scholars to deeper inquiry. 1947R. M. French tr. Berdyaev's Russ. Idea i. 7 Fedotov explains this as due to the fatal influence of ‘Josephism’ which has distorted the portrait of Christ among the Russian people, so that the Russian people wants to take shelter from the frightful God of Joseph Volotsky behind Mother Earth. 1950G. P. Fedotov Treas. Russ. Spirituality p. xiii, Josephitism degenerated into static ritualism. 1953K. S. Latourette Hist. Christianity xxvii. 618 Probably it was inevitable that the Josephites and the Non-Possessors should clash. Ibid. xl. 905 The Josephites..believed in the possession of property by the monasteries and the Church. They were ascetic, approved works of charity, and stressed ritual... The Josephites believed in the maintenance of a close tie between Church and State. 1963T. Ware Orthodox Church vi. 117 Russia needed both the Josephite and the Transvolgian forms of monasticism. |