| 释义 |
▪ I. joss1|dʒɒs|
Also 8 josse, 9 jos.
[app. derived from Pg. deos god: cf. in same sense Du. joosje, dim. of *joos.
In Javanese, the name given to a Chinese idol or image is dejos, i.e. dēyos (Prof. Kern in De Indische Gids XI. (1889) 1218), taken in 16th c. from Pg. deos. Quot. 1771 (though erroneous in details) indicates how dejos might be reduced to jos. Hence the Du. and Eng. forms of the word. The latter has been carried from Bantam or Batavia to the Chinese seaports, where it has become the ‘pidgin’-English term; it is not Chinese, nor of Chinese origination.]
a. A Chinese figure of a deity, an idol. Loosely used of those of neighbouring peoples. Also, (colloq.) luck: bad joss, good joss.
1711Lockyer Acc. Trade India 181 (Y.), I know but little of their Religion, more than that every Man has a small Joss or God in his own House. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. liii. 266 Their Josses or Demi-gods are, some of human Shape, some of monstrous Figures. 1771J. R. Forster tr. Olof Toreen's Voy. China (1750–52) in Osbeck's Voy., etc. II. 232 The sailors, and even some books of voyages..call the pagodas, Yoss-houses: for, on enquiring of 2 Chinese for the name of the idol, he answers, Grande Yoss, instead of Gran Dios. 1840H. Malcom Trav. 29/1 The ‘Jos’ was delineated in a large picture surrounded by ornamental paper-hangings. 1899F. T. Bullen Log of a Sea-waif 45 He might as well have appealed to a bronze joss. 1913Chambers's Jrnl. Aug. 590/2 This comprises a good ‘joss’ for the voyage, and may be likened to a system of ‘blessing’. 1915Kipling Fringes of Fleet 48 Mines are all Joss. You either hit 'em or you don't. 1948Partridge Dict. Forces' Slang 104 Bad joss your leave being stopped.
b. Comb., as joss-candle, joss-god; joss-like adj.; joss-house, a Chinese temple or building for idol-worship; joss-man, a priest of a Chinese religion; slang, of any other religion (see also quot. 1948); joss-paper, gold and silver paper, cut into the shape of coins and ingots and sometimes inscribed with prayers, burned by the Chinese at funerals and other religious ceremonies; joss-pidgin, a religious ceremony; joss-pidgin-man, a minister of religion; joss-stick, a thin cylinder or stick of fragrant tinder mixed with clay, used by the Chinese as incense, etc.
1898Tit-Bits 21 May 154/2 The avidity with which they polished off *joss candles was a sight for the gods.
1826Hone Every-day Bk. 28 Nov. I. 1526 A lion-like *jos-god figure, called Sing.
1771*Yoss-house [see above]. 1831Edin. Rev. LIII. 224 On the panels of the jos house, or temple, are painted figures seated upon broadswords. 1869Spectator 6 Nov. 1290 To tax Chinamen to support churches was just as unfair as to tax Christians for the support of joss-houses.
1913Chambers's Jrnl. Aug. 590/2 A missionary is known as a European ‘*joss-man’. 1948Partridge Dict. Forces' Slang 104 Jossman, a term used on China-side for Plymouth gin... (From the picture of the monk on the bottle.) All holy men are ‘jossmen’ to the Chinese. 1964Navy News Nov. 12/4, I was watch aboard and tried to get a sub, but no joy. I asked the Jossman if I could go ashore, and he told me to go to{ddd} 1970Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 17 May 5/2 The jossman picked up hammer and nails and, with great care, fixed the eyes, exactly 15 feet from the bow [of a junk].
1884Miss Gordon Cumming in Pall Mall G. 11 Sept. 1/2 Quantities of *joss paper inscribed with prayers for good luck were burned on each altar.
1886Yule & Burnell Hobson-Jobson 354/1 Joss-house-man or *Joss-pidgin-man is a priest, or a missionary. a1889Mary Coe in Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang (1889) I. 508/1 Allo tim he make joss-pidgin, Wat you fan-kwei cālly 'ligion. a1889The Rebel Pig in Ibid. I. 508/1 When dey talkey pig look all-samee like he joss-pidgin-man. 1926M. Leinster Dew on Leaf iv. 45 He do joss-pidgin.
1845J. R. Peters Misc. Remarks upon Chinese 111 Every one has a shrine and Jos, or representation of one, before which a *jos stick is kept continually burning. 1876C. G. Leland Pidgin-Eng. Sing-Song 43 Burnee joss-stick, talkee plitty. 1879I. L. Bird Let. 4 Jan. in Golden Chersonese (1883) 49 There is a recess outside each shop, and at dusk the joss-sticks..fill the city with the fragrance of incense. 1883I. L. Bishop Sk. Malay Penins. iii. in Leisure Ho. 83/2 Joss-sticks burn incessantly. 1974Times 15 Aug. (India Suppl.) p. iv/9 The sandalwood-based joss sticks..were produced to the tune of 5,000 tonnes last year.
Hence ˈjossish a., resembling a joss, joss-like.
1834Beckford Italy II. 159 A little jossish old woman, with a head as round as a humming-top.
▪ II. joss2 dial., Austral., and N.Z.|dʒɒs|
[Eng. dial., of unknown origin.]
= boss n.6
c1860in H. Maxwell Evening Memories (1932) xviii. 323 Come where the boss is a deuce of a joss, Come to the pub next door! a1876E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire (1877) 111 Joss, a foreman. Used in Macclesfield. 1877F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words Holderness 81/2 Joss, a head man; a superior. a1922H. Lawson in Penguin Bk. Austral. Ballads (1964) 149 Must I turn aside from my destined way For a task your Joss would find me? 1948V. Palmer Golconda iv. 28 ‘Then why don't you go to the Golconda Mining Company?’ asked Donovan slyly. ‘Tilburg Kloss is there, a big joss from down south.’ 1955–6― in Coast to Coast 36 A big joss among the young bucks and gins.
▪ III. joss
var. josh v. |