| 释义 |
Judaism|ˈdʒuːdeɪɪz(ə)m|
[ad. L. jūdaism-us (Tertull.), a. Gr. ἰουδαϊσµός (2 Macc. ii. 21): see -ism. Cf. F. Judaïsme (16th c. in Littré).]
1. The profession or practice of the Jewish religion; the religious system or polity of the Jews.
1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 334 He anon renouncyd his Iudaisme or Moysen lawe, and was cristenyd, and lyued after as a cristen man. 1611Bible 2 Macc. ii. 21 Those that behaued themselues manfully to their honour for Iudaisme. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 150 They being baptised, revolted to their former Iudaisme. 1725Lond. Gaz. No. 6437/1 Five [were found guilty] for Judaism. 1877J. E. Carpenter tr. Tiele's Hist. Relig. 93 Judaism and Christianity had given currency to the doctrines of one God.
2. The act of Judaizing; adoption of Jewish practices on the part of Christians; a practice or style of thought like that of the Jews.
1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. iii. Wks. (1851) 168 As if the touch of a lay Christian..could profane dead judaisms. 1641I. H. Petit. agst. Pocklington 21 The Lords day may be so termed [sabbath] without any danger of Judaisme. a1831A. Knox Rem. (1844) I. 97 What I have already called the Judaism of his distinct party. 1833J. H. Newman Arians i. i, His ceremonial Judaism was so notorious that one author even affirms that he observed the rite of circumcision.
3. Hist. As a rendering of med.L. Judaismus = Jewry 2; applied also in official documents to the revenue derived by the Crown from the Jews, and to the treasury which received the money.
[1251Close Roll, 35 Hen. III, m. 10 Mandatum est Edwardo de Westm. quod Judaismum regis apud Westm. et magnum cellarium vinorum regis lambruscari..faciat. [Cf. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1782) I. 17 note, This Judaism or Jewry, was probably an exchequer or treasury..for receiving the sums levied on the Jews.] 1290Rolls Parlt. I. 49/1 Quandem portionem de Judaismo suo sibi faciat assignari. ]1861Mayhew Lond. Labour II. 116 The Jews had also their Jewerie, or Judaisme, not for a ‘corporation’ merely, but also for the requirements of their faith and worship, and for their living together. 1884S. Dowell Taxes Eng. I. iv. vi. 90 The revenue of the Judaism, as it was termed, was managed by a separate branch of the exchequer, termed the exchequer of the Jews. |