| 释义 |
Jupiter|ˈdʒuːpɪtə(r)|
Also 3–4 Iubiter, 4 Iuppiter, 6 Iupyter.
[a. L. Jūpiter, Juppiter, f. Jov-is Jove + pater father.]
1. a. The supreme deity of the ancient Romans, corresponding to the Greek Zeus; the ruler of gods and men, and the god of the heavens, whose weapon was the thunderbolt. Also in exclamations (cf. Jove), but chiefly in literary use.
c1205Lay. 13905 We habbeð godes gode..Þe feorðe heah Iupiter [c 1275 hatte Iubiter] of alle þinge he is whar. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 656 Minerua..was engendred wiþ gin of iubiterus hede. c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 183 (232) By þe goddesse Mynerue And Iuppiter þat maketh þe þonder rynge..ye be the womman..That I best loue. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. ii. iv. 1 O Iupiter, how weary are my spirits? 1611― Cymb. ii. iv. 121, 122 By Iupiter, I had it from her Arme. Post. Hearke you, he sweares; by Iupiter he sweares. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 499 [Adam] Smil'd with superior Love, as Jupiter On Juno smiles. 1781Cowper Conversat. 822 Gods and goddesses discarded long..Are bringing into vogue their heathen train, And Jupiter bids fair to rule again. 1819Shelley Cyclops 564 By Jupiter! you said that I am fair.
transf.1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 232 For, I [a physician] beeing Iupiter their helping Father, give life when I list. 1650B. Discolliminium 26 They shall prove such Jupiters as to fall a thundring and lightning..over our heads.
b. Jupiter Pluvius, Jupiter as the dispenser of rain; hence used trivially in reference to a fall or storm of rain.
1864G. A. Sala Quite Alone I. ii. 39 ‘Take my advice, and..borrow somebody else's umbrella.’.. ‘Are you, too, ready for the wrath of Jupiter Pluvius?’ 1874G. H. West Rugby Union Football Ann. 62 But ‘Jupiter Pluvius’ and the Fates were against it. 1922Joyce Ulysses 598 It cleared up after the recent visitation of Jupiter Pluvius.
2. a. Astron. The largest of the planets in the solar system, revolving in an orbit lying between those of Mars and Saturn.
c1290St. Michael 420 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 311 Saturnus is al a-boue, and Iupiter seth þe next. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xii. (1495) 319 Iubiter is a goodly planete hote and moyste. 1549Compl. Scotl. vi. 53 Nyxt saturne standis the spere & hauyn of Iupiter. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., Jupiter appears almost as large as Venus, but is not altogether so bright. 1854Brewster More Worlds ii. 25 Jupiter, a world of huge magnitude, 1320 times greater in bulk than our Earth.
†b. Alch. A name for the metal tin. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 275 Sol gold is..Saturnus leed and Iuppiter [v.r. Iupiter, Iubiter] is tyn. 1460–70Bk. Quintessence 8 If it falle vpon a plate of venus or Iubiter into þis watir, it turneþ hem into lijknes of peerl. 1694Salmon Bate's Dispens. (1713) 577/1 Drink with Filings of Jupiter, or Tin. 1758Reid tr. Macquer's Chem. I. 49 The Alchymists..bestowed on the seven Metals..the names of the seven Planets of the Ancients... Thus Gold was called Sol, Silver Luna, Copper Venus, Tin Jupiter, Lead Saturn, Iron Mars, and Quick-silver Mercury.
†c. Her. Name for the tincture azure in blazoning by the names of heavenly bodies. Obs.
1572J. Bossewell Armorie ii. 58 b, The fielde is parted per fesse, Iupiter and Saturne, a goate saliant, of the moone. 1725Coats Dict. Her., Jupiter, has been by such Heralds as have thought fit to blazon the Arms of Princes by Planets instead of Metals and Colours, apply'd to stand in the Place of Azure. 1766Porny Heraldry iii. (1787) 21 Azure..Its Precious Stone is Sapphire, and the Planet Jupiter.
3. In names of plants, as † Jupiter's distaff, (a) a kind of yellow-flowered sage, perh. Salvia glutinosa or Phlomis fruticosa; (b) ? = Jupiter's staff; Jupiter's eye, Houseleek, Sempervivum tectorum; † Jupiter's flower, a rendering of Gr. Δίος ἄνθος or L. Jovis flos, formerly identified with columbine; Jupiter's nut, rendering of L. jūglans (= Jovis glans), walnut; Jupiter's staff, name for Mullein, Verbascum Thapsus, from its tall upright stem. See also Jupiter's beard.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccliv. §3. 627 Colus Iouis. Iupiters *distaffe. 1657W. Coles Adam in Eden xxiii. 48 Yellow Clary, or Jupiters Distaffe is hot and drying. 1678Phillips (ed. 4), Jupiter's Distaffe, a kind of Clary with a Yellow flower; it is otherwise called Mullein.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cxxxv. §2. 412 Housleeke, and Sengreene..of some [called] Iupiters *eie. 1861[see Jupiter's beard].
1601Holland Pliny II. 92 The summer floures, to wit, Lychnis, Iupiters *flower or Columbine, and a second kind of Lilly.
1866Treas. Bot. 640/1 In the golden age..the gods lived upon Walnuts, and hence the name Juglans, Jovis glans, or Jupiter's *nuts.
1664R. Turner Botanologia 216 Jupiters *Staff. |