| 释义 |
jurisdiction|dʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃən|
Forms: 4–6 iure-, (4 iuri-, iurdiccion), 4–7 iurisdiccion, etc. (with usual interchange of i and y, cc and ct, on and oun), 5 iurisdycion, 7– jurisdiction.
[orig. a. OF. jure-, juri-, jurdiction, -dicion (F. juridiction), ad. L. jūrisdictiōn-em, f. jūris, gen. of jūs law + dictio, n. of action f. dīcere to say, declare. Subsequently assimilated to the L. form, which was also used in F. in the 17–18th cents.]
1. Administration of justice; exercise of judicial authority, or of the functions of a judge or legal tribunal; power of declaring and administering law or justice; legal authority or power.
[1267Act 52 Hen. III, c. 2 (Stat. Marleberge) Qui non sit de feodo suo, aut super ipsum habeat jurisdictionem per Hundredam vel ballivam que sua sit.] a1300Cursor M. 26324 He [a priest] has his iurediction tint o þis man al wit resun. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 265 Þes wordis of Crist meneþ two juridicciouns, as spiritual and seculer. c1386Chaucer Friar's T. 21 Thanne hadde he thurgh his Iurisdiccion [MS. Petw. -diction, Harl. iurediccioun, Camb., Corp., Lansd. iurdiccion, -diction, -e] Power to doon on hem correccion. 1395Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 30 Neithir the king, neithir his justisis han jurisdiccioun on clerkis, trespace thei nevere so moche. 1490Caxton Eneydos xxix. 111 Whan som body hathe submytted hymself..to the iurisdicyon of some Iuge [etc.]. 1509Hawes Conv. Swearers 10 By pryncely preemynence and Iuredyccyon. 1538Starkey England ii. i. 170 In admynystratyon of justyce..in such thyngys as they had jurysdycyon of. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 246 Ecclesiasticall persones, should not..exercise iurisdiccion, or any kynd of aucthoritie in temporall matters. c1670Hobbes Dial. Comm. Laws (1677) 153 To declare the Law, which is not Judgment, but Jurisdiction. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) III. 431 The nobility of the district of Padua had formerly the criminal jurisdiction, as it is called, over their vassals. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 129 The districts..were not intended to be exempted from the jurisdiction of the Company's officers. 1863H. Cox Instit. iii. iv. 640 The Chief Justiciar..had general jurisdiction of pleas civil and criminal. 1864Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. xix. (1875) 343 Free from all jurisdiction of the Pope or any Catholic prelate. 1892F. T. Pigott (title) Exterritoriality: the law relating to Consular Jurisdiction. 1896Law Times Rep. LXXIII. 690/1 This court has no jurisdiction over the property in America.
fig.1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 128 If wee will faine a perfect Logician..all the Sciences..appertaine to his iurisdiction.
2. Power or authority in general; administration, rule, control.
c1425Lydg. Assembly of Gods 480 Euery other thyng in whom Dame Nature Hath any iurysdiccion. 1433― St. Edmund ii. 929 For God hath power and Iurysdiccioun Make tongis speke of bodies that be ded. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 319 To live exempt From Heav'n's high jurisdiction. 1756–82J. Warton Ess. Pope II. ix. 113 The tranquillity and ease of the mind, depend upon a thousand things that are not under our jurisdiction. 1860Marsh Eng. Lang. xii. 261 Man's language is higher than himself..and still less subject than he to the jurisdiction of the laws of material nature.
3. The extent or range of judicial or administrative power; the territory over which such power extends.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 57 Prelatis letten & forbeden prestis to preche þe gospel in here iurdiccion or bischoperiche, but ȝif þei han leue & letteris of hem. 1474Caxton Chesse iv. iv. K viij, The Iuge ought to deffende and kepe the labourers and possessyons which ben in his Iurisdyccion by al right and lawe. 1555Eden Decades 23 In al this tracte, they passed throwgh the Iurisdiction of other princes. 1632Lithgow Trav. 25 The other sequestrate Tuscan jurisdiction, is the little comonwealth of Luca. 1770Connect. Col. Rec. (1885) XIII. 399 Resolved that the said lines..shall be the jurisdiction lines..between the said towns. 1833H. Martineau Charmed Sea ii. 15 Whether he should not send on this procession, and keep the next that might arrive within his jurisdiction. 1833J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. [III.] i. i. 4 Basil's care of the churches..extended far beyond the limits of his own jurisdiction.
fig.1635N. Carpenter Geog. Del. ii. xii. 191 God hath..permitted the sea sometimes to breake his appointed limits, and inuade the Iurisdiction of the land. 1671R. Bohun Wind 91 They [winds] never cease blowing within their own jurisdiction.
4. A judicial organization; a judicature; a court, or series of courts, of justice.
1765Blackstone Comm. I. Introd. §3. 79 Peculiar laws..adopted and used only in certain peculiar courts and jurisdictions. Ibid. I. vii. 242 No jurisdiction upon earth has power to try him in a criminal way. 1821J. Q. Adams in Davies Metric Syst. iii. (1871) 269 The jurisdictions to which resort must be had..are those of municipal police. 1878Lecky Eng. in 18th C. II. v. 67 The abolition of hereditary jurisdictions. |